如何进行职业策划

 Career planning helps you to shape your career possibilities.It does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.Each of us places weight on different factors and may consider certain phases of career planning at different times.Career planning includes gathering¹ information about ourselves and about occupations，estimating1） the probable outcomes of various courses of action，and finally，choosing alternatives that we find attractive and feasible.Quite often，career planning helps people to see the kinds of assistance they need to d o what they want and helps direct them to available resources.

　　What needs to be pointed⁴ out is that there are serious flaws in the ways many people make career decisions.The first is complacency2）。They ignore challenging information about the choice they make and take the attitude that “It won't affect me ”or“ it will never happen.”

　　A second flaw is defensive⁵ avoidance.When confronted with a decision and unable to believe they can find an acceptable solution，some people remain calm by resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming⁶ or even procrastination3）。

　　A third flaw is hypervigilance4）。This occurs in career decision making when people believe there is not enough time to find a solution and they panic.They search frantically⁷ for career possibilities and seize on hastily contrived⁸ solutions，overlooking the consequences of their choice as well as other alternatives.People who are in a panic sometimes do not think clearly or logically.

　　The best coping behavior is vigilance.Vigilant⁹ decision making occurs when people believe that 1）a choice should be made，2）they can find a solution，and 3）there is enough time.Under these conditions，people evaluate each alternative，and work out contingency¹⁰ plans in case one or another risk appears.

　　Keys to Career Planning

　　1.Study yourself.This is the key to career planning.Understanding what you are like，what you value，and what you wan³ t to become is the foundation for all career planning.In studying yourself，you examine your strengths and weaknesses，your goals，and the trends in your personal development .The self－understanding that you gain enables you to imagine how certain occupations may best fit your personality，interests，abilities，and goals.All career decisions require us to learn both about ourselves and about work，and to integrate5） these two kinds of knowledge.

　　2.Write your career goals down.A technique useful for organizing ideas about your career development is to actually write them down by time blocks in your life，for example，ages nineteen to twenty－two，twenty－three to thirty.……Writing something down forces you to crystallize6） your thinking and to reorganize fuzzy and half－formed ideas.It may lead to new insights about your possibilities and may help you to see new relationships，patterns and trends，or to identify gaps in your thinking a bout² your career development.

　　3.Set up some hypotheses or predictions about yourself in a career.Consider the kind of person you are，what you're likely to be like，what changes are likely to take place in an occupation，what basic problems you might meet，and what you need to solve your problems.These hypotheses，or educated guesses，should represent your understanding of yourself at present，what you can do，and what you will do.

　　4.Review your plans and progress periodically with another person.Every so often，take stock of your situation and consider what steps have to be taken next.Taking inventory¹¹ of progress and planning further steps can help you cope with the changes that you undergo and the changes that take place in the lab or market.Talking over your plans with a college counselor，your parents，and your friends helps you define your goals and improve your career plans or make them work.

　　5.If you choose a career that does not fit you，you can start over.Today，growing numbers of people are changing careers or getting second starts in careers that have greater appeal to them.Society no longer attaches the stigma7） of “instability” to the idea of career hopping，as it once did.Motives¹² or reasons for changing careers vary widely，but many people move because they feel stale or fed up with a grinding or dull routine.For some，a second start grows out of the realization¹³ that what they want out of life is not what they are doing，and they decide to do these things they enjoy and believe to be important.Certainly，time spent in one occupation is likely to narrow the range of later occupational choices，very few people have the motivation and financial resources to start a completely new career in midlife.Most people move to a related field that involves a minimum8） of new training.

　　Career planning does not guarantee9） that all the problems，difficulties，or decision－making situations that face you in the future will be solved or made any easier.Nor can any formula be given to do that.But career planning should help you to approach and cope better with new problems，such as deciding whether or not to enter educational or training programs，deciding whether or not to change jobs，and analyzing¹⁴ the difficulties you are having with a situation or a person.

1 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

2 bout   

n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛

参考例句：

• I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
• That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

3 wan   

(wide area network)广域网

参考例句：

• The shared connection can be an Ethernet,wireless LAN,or wireless WAN connection.提供共享的网络连接可以是以太网、无线局域网或无线广域网。

4 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

5 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

6 daydreaming   

v.想入非非，空想( daydream的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Stop daydreaming and be realistic. 别空想了，还是从实际出发吧。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Bill was sitting and daydreaming so his mother told him to come down to earth and to do his homework. 比尔坐着空想， 他母亲要他面对现实，去做课外作业。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 frantically   

ad.发狂地, 发疯地

参考例句：

• He dashed frantically across the road. 他疯狂地跑过马路。
• She bid frantically for the old chair. 她发狂地喊出高价要买那把古老的椅子。

8 contrived   

adj.不自然的，做作的；虚构的

参考例句：

• There was nothing contrived or calculated about what he said.他说的话里没有任何蓄意捏造的成分。
• The plot seems contrived.情节看起来不真实。

9 vigilant   

adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的

参考例句：

• He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
• The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。

10 contingency   

n.意外事件，可能性

参考例句：

• We should be prepared for any contingency.我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。
• A fire in our warehouse was a contingency that we had not expected.库房的一场大火是我们始料未及的。

11 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

12 motives   

n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
• His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

13 realization   

n.实现；认识到，深刻了解

参考例句：

• We shall gladly lend every effort in our power toward its realization.我们将乐意为它的实现而竭尽全力。
• He came to the realization that he would never make a good teacher.他逐渐认识到自己永远不会成为好老师。

14 analyzing   

v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析

参考例句：

• Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
• He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句