“四大连词”的用法

 一、That可以做副词，代词，形容词和连词，但是做连词时是最常见的，也是最难鉴别的，that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。

1. that在名词性从句中。

①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。

I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.

The teacher pointed¹ out that Tom was not working hard enough.

②引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

That the earth goes around the sun is known² to everyone.

(It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)

③引导表语从句。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

④引导同位语从句。

引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：

The news that he resigned³ from office surprised us.

The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus⁴.

2. that引导状语从句

①引导目的状语从句。

Bring it nearer that I may see it better.

②引导结果状语从句。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

③引导原因状语从句。

I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.

④引导让步状语从句。意为"虽然、尽管"。

Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish⁵ it on time.

⑤引导条件状语从句。意为"假使、假设"。

Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

3. 引导强调句。

It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek⁶ little husband.

It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

附加：that引导定语从句(做关系代词)

Is he the man that wants to see you?

The package that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

二、While可以做名词和连词，做连词时又可分为从属连词和并列连词。

做从属连词可以引导时间状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句。

(1)引导时间状语

We　must　strike　while　the　iron⁷　is　hot.趁热打铁。

(2)引起让步状语从句，意思是"虽然...但是...."、"尽管...但是..."(多放于句首)

While　he　loves　his　students，he　is　very　strict　with　them..

虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。

(3)引起条件状语，意思是"只要"

While　there　is　life　there　is　hope.

只要生命存在，就有希望。

While作并列连词用，意思为"而，然而"，表对比。而but表转折。

Honey　is　sweet，but　the　bee　stings⁸.

蜂蜜很甜，但蜜蜂有刺蜇人。

三、which可以做疑问代词和关系代词。

1. 用作疑问代词时，意思是"哪一个,哪一些"

Which is my seat? 哪个座位是我的?

2. 用做关系代词时，意思是"那一个,那一些"

He also had a gun with which to defend himself. 他还有一把自卫用的枪。

四、where可以做副词，连词，和代词。

当副词时，可分为疑问代词和关系代词：

1. (用作疑问副词)在哪里往哪里从哪里在哪一点上

The driver asked me where I wanted to go.

司机问我想去哪里。

Where shall we go?

我们去哪里?

2. (用作关系副词,引导关系从句)在那里往那里

That's where we differ.

那是我们的分歧所在。

This is the city where I was born.

这是我出生的城市。

当连词引导地点状语从句，意思是"在...处到...的地方...的地方"

I'll meet him where I first met you.

我将在初次见你的地方与他会面。

当代词，意思是"哪里,何处"

Where does he come from?

他是哪里人?

1 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

2 known   

adj.大家知道的；知名的，已知的

参考例句：

• He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
• He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。

3 resigned   

adj. 认命的, 服从的, 听任的

参考例句：

• He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务，回到后座议员席。
• Reports that he has resigned are nonsense. 有关他已经辞职的报道是无稽之谈。

4 campus   

n.大学校园，学校校园；大学　

参考例句：

• They spoke of the old days on the campus.他们谈起昔日的校园生活。
• The campus covers an area of twenty square kilometres.这个校园占地二十平方公里。

5 accomplish   

v.完成，实现，达到

参考例句：

• He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多。
• They'll certainly accomplish something.他们会搞出名堂来的。

6 meek   

adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的

参考例句：

• He expects his wife to be meek and submissive.他期望妻子温顺而且听他摆布。
• The little girl is as meek as a lamb.那个小姑娘像羔羊一般温顺。

7 iron   

n.铁，熨斗，坚强，烙铁，镣铐；vt.烫平，熨，用铁包；vi. 烫衣服

参考例句：

• The iron has lost its magnetic force.这块铁已失去了磁力。
• We need an electrician to mend the iron.我们要请电工修理熨斗。

8 stings   

螫伤处( sting的名词复数 )； （某些昆虫的）毒刺； （身体或心灵的）剧痛； （警察为抓捕罪犯而设的）圈套

参考例句：

• Falsehood like a nettle stings those who meddle with it. 谎言似荨麻，玩弄会刺手。
• This cream contains a mild analgesic to soothe stings and bites. 这种乳膏含有一种性能平和的止痛剂，能缓解被螫咬后的疼痛。