10种常见典型语法错误分类

 10种常见典型语法错误分类 语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点；当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢？如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。

　　1．句子成分残缺不全

　　We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误）

　　We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams（正）

　　We should read books may be useful to us. （误）

　　We should read books which may be useful to us. （正）

　　2．句子成分多余

　　This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. （误）

　　One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正）

　　The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误）

　　The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正）

　　3．主谓不一致

　　Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误）

　　Some think that reading should be selective. （正）

　　My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. （误）

　　My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. （正）

　　4．动词时态、语态的误用

　　I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误）

　　I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles¹ on the street. （正）

　　We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误）

　　We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. （正）

　　I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误）

　　I have been studying in the college for two years（正）

　　5．词类混淆

　　It is my point that reading must be selectively. （误）

　　In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正）

　　Honest is so important for everyperson. （误）

　　Honesty² is so important for everyone. （正）

　　The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误）

　　The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正）

　　6．名词可数与不可数的误用

　　Too much tests are disadvantage for students’ study. （误）

　　Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. （正）

　　In modern society, people are under various pressures（误）

　　In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. （正）

　　7．动词及物与不及物的误用

　　The traffic accident was taken place at the junction³ of two highways. （误）

　　The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. （正）

　　Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误）

　　Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正）

8．介词to和不定式符号的混淆

　　Too many tests will do harm to cultivate⁴ our independent thinking. （误）

　　Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation⁵ of our independent thinking. （正）

　　All these contributed⁶ to solve the serious problem. （误）

　　All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. （正）

　　9．情态动词的误用

　　It may not good to our health. （误）

　　It may be not good to our health. （正）

　　They should spent much time. （误）

　　They should spend much time. （正）

　　10. There be句型的误用

　　There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. （误）

　　There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. （正）

　　There are many way to solve the tuition⁷ and fees⁸ of college education. （误）

　　There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. （正）

　　1.动宾搭配不当

　　We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. （误）

　　We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. （正）

　　It also may help you to make success. （误）

　　It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. （正）

　　2.根据中文逐字硬译

　　If someone’s family situation is not well, he can apply for loan⁹ to bank. （误）

　　If one’s family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. （正）

　　Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health（误）

　　Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit（正）

　　上面这些错误比较典型、集中，请大家务必要注意，其他的错误，如单词拼写、大小写、标点符号的误用等，可谓千姿百态，无奇不有，在此就不一一列举。

1 vehicles   

n.运载工具；传播媒介；（为展露演员才华而）特意编写的一出戏（或电影等）；[画]展色剂；交通工具( vehicle的名词复数 )；车辆；传播媒介；手段

参考例句：

• There is not much clearance for vehicles passing under this bridge. 车辆在这座桥下通过时没有多少余隙。
• to carry out random spot checks on vehicles 对车辆进行抽检

2 honesty   

n.诚实，公正，正直

参考例句：

• I would never question his honesty.我绝不会怀疑他的诚实。
• All respect him for his honesty.他为人诚实，大家都尊敬他。

3 junction   

n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站

参考例句：

• There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers.两河的汇合处有座桥。
• You must give way when you come to this junction.你到了这个路口必须让路。

4 cultivate   

vt.耕作，栽培，养殖；培养，陶冶，发展

参考例句：

• Farmers cultivate their farms with cows.农夫用牛耕田。
• One should cultivate good manners from childhood.一个人从小要学讲礼貌。

5 cultivation   

n.耕作，培养，栽培（法），养成

参考例句：

• The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
• The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃，不值得耕种。

6 contributed   

捐献( contribute的过去式和过去分词 )； 捐助； 撰稿； 投稿

参考例句：

• Before closing I want to mention all those who contributed so generously. 在我结束讲话的时候，我想提一下所有慷慨捐赠的人。
• His research has contributed enormously to our understanding of this disease. 他的研究对我们认识这一疾病贡献很大。

7 tuition   

n.（某一学科的）教学，讲授，指导，学费

参考例句：

• Students can apply for individual tuition.学生可以申请个别指导。
• Is this money enough for the tuition fee?这些钱交学费够吗？

8 fees   

费用； （加入组织或做某事付的）费( fee的名词复数 )； 专业服务费； 咨询费； 报酬

参考例句：

• Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate. 员工调往异地工作时，他们可以报销由此产生的所有法律服务费用。
• As a scholar you will not have to pay college fees. 作为接受奖学金的学生，你不必付大学的费用。

9 loan   

n.贷款；借出的东西；借；vt.借出；贷予

参考例句：

• I asked the bank to help me with a loan.我请银行给我一笔贷款。
• Has the bank okayed your request for a loan?银行批准你的贷款要求了吗？