抽烟伤身又伤脑

 抽烟伤身又伤脑

aged²" target="_blank">Middle-aged¹ adults who smoke tended to perform poorly on tests of memory and reasoning compared to nonsmokers, adding to the list of reasons not to smoke, French researchers said on Monday.

Analyzing⁴ previously⁵ collected data on about 5,000 British civil servants, the researchers found those who smoked were more likely than people who never smoked to be in the lowest-performing of five groups in tests of memory, reasoning, vocabulary and verbal fluency⁶.

Smoking was associated with mental decline in middle age, as it is with dementia and a host of physical ills later in life, they found.

"Smoking in middle age is associated with memory deficit⁷ and decline in reasoning abilities," concluded Severine Sabia and colleagues from the National Institute of Health and Medical Research in Villejuif, France.

Compared to smokers³, people who said they had quit cigarettes were more likely to adopt healthier behaviors, such as drinking less alcohol, being more physically⁸ active, and eating more fruits and vegetables, Sabia reported in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine.

The participants were aged 35 to 55 at the beginning of the study, which followed some subjects up to 17 years.

The study also demonstrated how difficult it can be to conduct long-term research on smokers: more than twice as many smokers as non-smokers refused to take the memory test again or were not able to be re-tested, in some cases because they died in the interim⁹.

法国研究人员于本周一称，与不吸烟者相比，中年吸烟者在记忆力和推理测试中的表现较差。这无疑是戒烟的又一个理由。

研究人员分析了之前收集的英国约五千名公务员的有关数据后发现，与从不吸烟者相比，吸烟者在记忆力、推理、词汇和口头表达等几项测试中表现居五组中最差的几率更大。

研究人员发现，吸烟会导致中年人智力水平下降，而且会导致日后老年痴呆及其它很多身体性疾病。

位于法国维勒瑞夫的全国健康与医疗研究所的瑟弗琳?萨比娅及其同事得出结论：“中年吸烟会导致记忆力减退和推理能力下降。”

萨比娅在发表于《内科医学档案》期刊上的研究报告中称，与吸烟者相比，称自己已戒烟的人更易养成更为健康的生活习惯，比如少喝酒、多锻炼，多吃水果和蔬菜。

这项研究刚开始时，研究对象的年龄在35岁至55岁之间，研究人员对其中一些人进行了长达17年的跟踪调查。

该研究还让人们了解到对吸烟者进行长期的跟踪调查有多么困难：拒绝再次接受记忆测试或者无法再次接受测试的吸烟者比不吸烟者多一倍以上，有些是因为研究对象在此期间已去世。

1 middle-aged   

adj.中年的

参考例句：

• I noticed two middle-aged passengers.我注意到两个中年乘客。
• The new skin balm was welcome by middle-aged women.这种新护肤香膏受到了中年妇女的欢迎。

2 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

3 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

4 analyzing   

v.分析；分析( analyze的现在分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析n.分析

参考例句：

• Analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据，暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
• He undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然，他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句

5 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

6 fluency   

n.流畅，雄辩，善辩

参考例句：

• More practice will make you speak with greater fluency.多练习就可以使你的口语更流利。
• Some young children achieve great fluency in their reading.一些孩子小小年纪阅读已经非常流畅。

7 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

8 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

9 interim   

adj.暂时的，临时的；n.间歇，过渡期间

参考例句：

• The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
• It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。