环保部发布研究报告 近三成儿童受室内空气污染威胁

 　　Chinese children are facing new types of health risks, with nearly one-third of them are threatened by potential hazards from indoor air pollution, said a recent report released by the Ministry¹ of Environmental Protection.

　　环保部日前发布报告称，我国儿童面临新型健康风险，其中近1/3受到室内空气污染的潜在危害的威胁。

　　According to the report, 26.8% of children are exposed to indoor air pollution attributable to solid fuels used for cooking or heating, 12.7% have no properly treated drinking water, 13.6% live in places where there are petroleum², petrochemical, coking and other highly polluting enterprises within a radius³ of 1 km, and 14.6% live in places where there are major highways within 50 meters.

　　报告称，26.8%的儿童暴露于用固体燃料做饭或取暖引起的室内空气污染，12.7%无法获得经过适当处理的饮用水，13.6%生活场所周边1公里范围内有石油、石化、炼焦等高污染企业，14.6%生活场所周边50米范围内有交通干道。

　　The study marked Chinas first large-scale research on patterns of population exposure to the environment, a first of its kind for any developing country.

　　据介绍，环境保护部组织的此次调查是我国首次大规模的人群环境暴露行为模式研究，也是发展中国家第一次。

　　环保部发布研究报告 近三成儿童受室内空气污染威胁

　　The impact of environmental pollution on health is not only related to pollutant⁴ density⁵ and toxicity⁶, but also patterns of exposure to the environment, said Zou Shoumin, a ministry official.

　　环保部一名名叫邹首民的官员表示，环境污染对健康影响不仅与环境污染物的浓度和毒性有关，还与人的环境暴露行为模式密切相关。

　　According to Zou, exposure patterns cover four major aspects: One, physiological⁷ features like height, weight and respiratory volume.

　　据邹首民介绍，环境暴露行为模式包括四个方面：一是人体生理特征，如身高、体重、呼吸量等

　　Two, the length, frequency, channels and means of contacting pollutants⁸ borne by air, water and other environmental media.

　　二是人接触空气、水等环境介质中污染物的时间、频率、途径和方式。

　　Three, pollution source distribution in the living environment.

　　三是人居环境中污染源分布情况；

　　And last, preventative measures taken to counteract⁹ potential health risks from exposure.

　　最后一点是人对暴露风险的防范行为。

　　The study also found that patterns of exposure to the environment among Chinese children show differences according to their age, gender¹⁰ and the place where they live.

　　研究发现，我国儿童环境暴露行为模式存在明显的年龄、性别、城乡和地区差异。

　　Children under three years are increasingly exposed to outdoor air pollution with the increase of age, but the trend is reversed after they go to school.

　　我国儿童室外空气综合暴露系数3岁前随年龄增长而增加，入学后呈逐年下降趋势。

　　While boys are exposed to outdoor air pollution more than girls of the same age group, urban children see less exposure than their rural counterparts.

　　同年龄段男童室外空气综合暴露系数高于女童，城市儿童低于农村儿童。

　　Also, children are less exposed to pollution and given more preventative protection if their parents or caretakers are better-off and more educated.

　　此外，如果儿童家庭经济水平、抚养人文化程度高，那么他们就会更少的暴露于污染中，并会被给予更多的预防性保护。

1 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

2 petroleum   

n.原油，石油

参考例句：

• The Government of Iran advanced the price of petroleum last week.上星期伊朗政府提高了石油价格。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

3 radius   

n.半径，半径范围；有效航程，范围，界限

参考例句：

• He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.周围两英里以内的店铺他都去过。
• We are measuring the radius of the circle.我们正在测量圆的半径。

4 pollutant   

n.污染物质，散布污染物质者

参考例句：

• Coal itself is a heavy pollutant.煤本身就是一种严重的污染物。
• Carbon dioxide may not be a typical air pollutant.二氧化碳可能不是一种典型的污染物。

5 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

6 toxicity   

n.毒性，毒力

参考例句：

• The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
• Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关，对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。

7 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

8 pollutants   

污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
• The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

9 counteract   

vt.对…起反作用，对抗，抵消

参考例句：

• The doctor gave him some medicine to counteract the effect of the poison.医生给他些药解毒。
• Our work calls for mutual support.We shouldn't counteract each other's efforts.工作要互相支持，不要互相拆台。

10 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。