GRE阅读长难句典型结构详解

 　　1、长成分

　　1)长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

　　a、主语从句

　　b、宾语从句

　　2)长状语

　　3)层层修饰

　　4)并列成分

　　2、常见倒装搭配

　　(1)及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A例：Yet Waltzer's argument , however deficient¹ , does point to one of the serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately² they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke³ affection or admiration⁴.

　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等(2)及物动词加副词

　　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)

　　3、省略的几种情况

　　(1)重复的成分

　　(2)让步转折的省略：如although (but)

　　(3)定语从句引导词的省略which(that )

　　(4)定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth4、 短语被分割

　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B5、多重否定

　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility⁵ between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

　　6、难句分析举例

　　Such large, impersonal⁶ manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders⁷ as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

　　[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was)representing… ，另一个是(which was)detached…。

　　可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略“引导词+be”的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

 

1 deficient   

adj.不足的，不充份的，有缺陷的

参考例句：

• The crops are suffering from deficient rain.庄稼因雨量不足而遭受损害。
• I always have been deficient in selfconfidence and decision.我向来缺乏自信和果断。

2 legitimately   

ad.合法地；正当地，合理地

参考例句：

• The radio is legitimately owned by the company. 该电台为这家公司所合法拥有。
• She looked for nothing save what might come legitimately and without the appearance of special favour. 她要的并不是男人们的额外恩赐，而是合法正当地得到的工作。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

3 evoke   

vt.唤起，引起，使人想起

参考例句：

• These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。
• Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。

4 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

5 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

6 impersonal   

adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的

参考例句：

• Even his children found him strangely distant and impersonal.他的孩子们也认为他跟其他人很疏远，没有人情味。
• His manner seemed rather stiff and impersonal.他的态度似乎很生硬冷淡。

7 shareholders   

n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
• the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任