高消费的孩子你承受得了吗?

    At 10, Grace Morgan is a young fashionista and takes pains to dress in the latest styles. But her mom, Amy, works part-time and her husband was recently laid off, leaving little room in the family budget for designer-brand clothes.
    So Grace didn't ask her mom to open her wallet this fall to buy clothes. Instead, she sold a stack of her own old jeans and shirts at a rummage¹ sale and paired the proceeds with discount coupons² to get the stylish³ jeggings and tops she wanted for school, says her mother, of Lake in the Hills, Ill. Grace is learning 'we have to make choices with our money,' she says.
    The cost of raising kids is continuing to rise. A middle-income family can expect to shell out nearly a quarter of a million dollars, or $222,360, to raise a baby born in 2009 to age 18, according to the Department of Agriculture. That is up about 1.4% from 2007, before the recession began -- and it doesn't include college costs.
    Now, amid tight household budgets and a growing belief that today's youth will face a lasting⁴ drop in their standard of living, many parents are working to reshape children's expectations. The result is 'a massive, painful shift' in behavior, as kids learn to economize⁵ or work to pay for consumer goods they want, says Jason Dorsey, an Austin, Texas, consultant⁶ to employers on intergenerational issues.
    Ms. Morgan is teaching Grace and her brother Noah, 13, to resist consumer pressures. 'We very openly heckle' such shows as 'My Super Sweet 16' on MTV, ridiculing⁷ such excesses as when a teen receives a Mercedes or opulent vacations, she says. Both children have learned to enjoy inexpensive family camping vacations, and they sell items on eBay to raise cash for purchases. 'The joke around our house is, if it's not nailed down, they will sell it,' Ms. Morgan says.
    Still, Grace insisted on going to Justice, a specialty⁸ chain for tweens, for back-to-school clothes. 'She could have gone to Wal-Mart and gotten much more,' Ms. Morgan says. But 'you have to close your eyes and zip your mouth' to let kids learn to make choices.
    In the past, money talk was taboo⁹ in many families, and many parents sheltered children from financial realities. Parents 'want everything to be just great for our families. It's hard sometimes' to set limits, says Gina Maione Earles, chief executive of Mothers & More, a 4,100-member networking group, where teaching kids money skills is a popular topic at meetings.
    But fewer families can afford to indulge their kids; 24% of parents made back-to-school shopping budgets with their kids this year, up from 18% in 2006, says a Capital One survey of 500 households.
    Telling a pre-teen or teen you can't afford something usually doesn't work, says Susan Beacham, founder¹⁰ of Money Savvy¹¹ Generation, a maker¹² of educational products for kids. 'Kids are very concrete' in their thinking, she says. 'If you say at the mall, 'I can't afford those shoes,' then go to a grocery store and spend $150, they don't understand the difference. They will just think, 'There she goes again.' ' A better approach is to give children a budgeted amount for necessities and require them to stick to it and account for their spending, she says.
    10岁的格雷斯?摩根(Grace Morgan)是一位年少的时尚追随者，极力追赶最新的服饰风尚。但她妈妈艾米(Amy)却找不到全职工作，她爸爸不久前还被解雇了，她家因而基本负担不起供格雷斯购买设计师品牌服装的开销。
    因此，格雷斯今年秋季没有要妈妈掏钱给她买衣服。她母亲艾米说，格雷斯转而选择在一次清仓拍卖会上出售了一批自己穿过的旧牛仔裤和衬衫，用出售所得再加上一些购物优惠券购买了她想穿到学校去的时尚的牛仔打底裤和上衣。艾米说，格雷斯正在学会“不得不用自己的钱做选择”。
    养育孩子的成本在继续增长。据美国农业部(Department of Agriculture)说，一个中等收入家庭要把一名2009年出生的孩子养到18岁，需要支出222,360美元。这较本次经济衰退开始前的2007年增加了1.4%，而且这其中还未包括上大学的费用。
    现在，鉴于美国人都在纷纷紧缩家庭预算，以及人们越来越相信当今的年青人将面临生活水平持久性下降的局面，许多父母正在着手重塑孩子的预期。其结果是，在得克萨斯州奥斯汀的咨询师多西(Jason Dorsey)看来，孩子们正在经历一场巨大而痛苦的行为转变，因为他们在学会节省开支或靠打工收入来购买自己想要的消费品。多西就代际问题向雇主提供咨询。
    艾米正在教格雷斯和她13岁的哥哥诺亚(Noah)抵御消费压力。艾米说，我们非常公开地质疑MTV上诸如《我的16岁花季》(My Super Sweet 16' on MTV)等节目，当节目中出现一名十几岁孩子得到一辆奔驰汽车或外出豪华度假的机会时，我们会奚落这份过分的慷慨；我家的两个孩子都学会了享受惠而不费的全家外出露营度假，他们会通过在eBay网上出售物品来筹钱买自己想要的东西。艾米说，她们全家津津乐道的玩笑是，如果家里哪样东西没有用钉子固定住，孩子们就可以把它卖掉。
    不过，格雷斯坚持要去十几岁儿童服装专卖连锁店Justice去买开学后穿的衣服。艾米说，如果格雷斯用同样的钱去沃尔玛(Wal-Mart)买东西，她买到的衣服会多得多，但为了能让孩子们学会做选择，父母“必须装聋作哑”。
    以往，有关金钱的话题是美国许多家庭的禁忌，许多父母会刻意避免让孩子面对财务现实。Mothers & More是一个有4,100名会员的社交团体，如何教孩子理财是其聚会上的热门话题。该机构的首席执行长厄尔斯(Gina Maione Earles)说，父母们希望家里一切顺心如意，有时很难给孩子设置限制。
    但有财力放纵自己孩子的家庭正在减少；金融机构Capital One针对500个美国家庭进行的一项调查显示，今年有24%的父母是与孩子一起编制返校购物预算的，这一比例高于2006年时的18%。
    儿童文教用品生产商Money Savvy Generation的创办人苏珊?比察姆(Susan Beacham)说，对一个十岁以下或十几岁的孩子说你买不起某样东西通常行不通，孩子们会非常固执于自己的想法，如果你在一家购物中心对孩子说买不起他想要的鞋，然后却在一家杂货店花了150美元买东西，孩子们是搞不清楚这两种花费间的区别的；他们心里只会想：真烦！比察姆说，一个较好的办法是在购买必需品方面给孩子一笔计划好的开支，要求他们不得超支并把支出情况记下来。

1 rummage   

v./n.翻寻，仔细检查

参考例句：

• He had a good rummage inside the sofa.他把沙发内部彻底搜寻了一翻。
• The old lady began to rummage in her pocket for her spectacles.老太太开始在口袋里摸索，找她的眼镜。

2 coupons   

n.礼券( coupon的名词复数 )；优惠券；订货单；参赛表

参考例句：

• The company gives away free coupons for drinks or other items. 公司为饮料或其它项目发放免费赠券。 来自辞典例句
• Do you have any coupons? 你们有优惠卡吗？ 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 口语

3 stylish   

adj.流行的，时髦的；漂亮的，气派的

参考例句：

• He's a stylish dresser.他是个穿着很有格调的人。
• What stylish women are wearing in Paris will be worn by women all over the world.巴黎女性时装往往会引导世界时装潮流。

4 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

5 economize   

v.节约，节省

参考例句：

• We're going to have to economize from now on. 从现在开始，我们不得不节约开支。
• We have to economize on water during the dry season. 我们在旱季不得不节约用水。

6 consultant   

n.顾问；会诊医师，专科医生

参考例句：

• He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
• Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来，加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。

7 ridiculing   

v.嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落( ridicule的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Proxmire has made himself quite a reputation out of ridiculing government expenditure he disagrees with. 普罗克斯迈尔对于他不同意花的政府开支总要取笑一番，他因此而名声大振。 来自辞典例句
• The demonstrators put on skits ridiculing the aggressors. 游行的人上演了活报剧来讽刺侵略者。 来自互联网

8 specialty   

n.(speciality)特性，特质；专业，专长

参考例句：

• Shell carvings are a specialty of the town.贝雕是该城的特产。
• His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。

9 taboo   

n.禁忌，禁止接近，禁止使用；adj.禁忌的；v.禁忌，禁制，禁止

参考例句：

• The rude words are taboo in ordinary conversation.这些粗野的字眼在日常谈话中是禁忌的。
• Is there a taboo against sex before marriage in your society?在你们的社会里，婚前的性行为犯禁吗？

10 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

11 savvy   

v.知道，了解；n.理解能力，机智，悟性；adj.有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的

参考例句：

• She was a pretty savvy woman.她是个见过世面的漂亮女人。
• Where's your savvy?你的常识到哪里去了？

12 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。