如何提高阅读能力？KWL阅读方法来助力

 　　KWL is intended to be an exercise for a study group or class that can guide you in reading and understanding a text.

　　KWL是一种阅读练习，旨在为学习小组或班级成员在阅读和理解文本的过程中提供指导。

　　It is composed of only three stages that reflect a worksheet of three columns with the three letters：

　　其由三个阶段组成，如下表所示：

　　What we Know

　　所知

　　What we Want to know

　　想知

　　What we Learned

　　所学

　　◆K stands for Know

　　K代表了解

　　This first stage may surprise you:

　　第一阶段或许会让你感到惊讶：

　　Think first about, then list, what you know about the topic before reading!

　　开始阅读之前先想一想关于这个主题你了解多少，然后列出来！

　　This advanced organizer provides you with a background to the new material, building a scaffold to support it.

　　在这里你将获得新的背景材料， 从而构建支架予以支撑。

　　Think of it as a pre-reading inventory¹.

　　阅读前你还需要做的：

　　·Brainstorm!

　　头脑风暴！

　　Before looking at the text, think of keywords, terms, or phrases about the topic, either in your class or a study group.

　　在看文本之前，小组或班级成员之间想一想关于该主题的关键词、术语或短语。

　　·Record these in the K column of your chart until you cannot think of more.

　　把你所想到的全部记在表格的K栏里。

　　·Engage your group in a discussion about what you wrote in the K column.

　　根据K栏所填内容小组成员间展开讨论。

　　·Organize the entries into general categories.

　　将条目整理分类。

　　◆W stands for Will or Want

　　W代表意愿

　　The second stage is to list a series of questions of what you want to know more of the subject, based upon what you listed in K.

　　第二阶段，根据K栏的内容，罗列出一系列关于这个主题你还想了解的问题。

　　·Preview the text’s table of contents, headings, pictures, charts etc. Discuss what you want to learn

　　预览文本的目录、标题、图片、表格等，就你想学习的内容进行讨论。

　　·List some thoughts on what you want, or expect to learn, generally or specifically. Think in terms of what you will learn, or what do you want to learn about this.

　　就你想学习或期待了解的内容，把你的想法大体或详细地写下来。

　　·Turn all sentences into questions before writing them down. They will help you focus your attention during reading.

　　写的时候转换成问句。这在你阅读的时候会帮助你集中注意力。

　　·List the questions by importance.

　　根据问题的重要性有次序的罗列出来。

　　◆L stands for Learned

　　L代表所学

　　The final stage is to answer your questions, as well as to list what new information you have learned. Either while reading or after you have finished.

　　最后阶段就是在阅读过程中或阅读结束后回答你的问题以及列出你所了解到的新信息。

　　·List out what you learn as you read, either by section, or after the whole work, whichever is comfortable for you.

　　在阅读过程中列出你所了解到的内容。

　　·Check it against the W column, what you wanted to learn.

　　对照W栏。

　　·Create symbols to indicate main ideas, surprising ideas, questionable² ideas, and those you don’t understand!

　　针对观点，主要的，意想不到的，存疑的以及不理解的，创造出一些符号来表示！

　　◆Expand this exercise beyond K W L:

　　扩展练习：

　　Add an H!

　　加一个H

　　Stands for HOW you can learn more.

　　即你怎么样才能学到更多。

　　·Pose new questions about the topic

　　就该主题提出一些问题。

　　·How can I learn more or answer questions not answered in my worksheet. These include other sources of information, including:  organizations, experts, tutors, websites, librarians, etc.

　　我怎样才能学到更多或回答表中未回答的问题。这些包括其它信息来源：机构组织，专家，导师，网站，图书馆等。

　　◆5 W's and an H

　　5个W和一个H

　　Another reading strategy is to answer the questions that form the basis of good journalism³:

　　另一个阅读策略是回答以下几个问题，这些问题常用于记者报道。

　　Who What When Where Why and How

　　人物，事件，时间，地点，原因，过程

　　·Who are the main characters?

　　主要人物是谁？

　　·What does the author say happened?

　　作者阐述了什么？

　　·Where did the action occur?

　　事情是在哪里发生的？

　　·When did it happen or what is the span of time?

　　事情是什么时候或时间段发生的？

　　·Why did this happen?

　　事情发生的原因是什么？

　　·How did it happen?

　　事情是怎样发生的？

1 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

2 questionable   

adj.可疑的，有问题的

参考例句：

• There are still a few questionable points in the case.这个案件还有几个疑点。
• Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。

3 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。