停止锻炼的后果

 　　Ever wonder what would happen if you stopped working out? A new study on identical twins published in th< journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise explores exactly that, and the results are dramatic.

　　想知道停止锻炼后会发生什么吗？一项由《每日医学》，《体育科学》和《运动探秘》共同公布的研究表明，双胞胎们在测试后发生了戏剧性的变化。

　　In the study, Finnish researchers looked at 10 pairs of identical twin men. Each set of twins was in the ir mid-30s, and each had been brought up in the same household. Since they were identical, they also shar ed the same DNA¹. The only difference was that though they had maintained the same level of physical act ity for most of their lives, one twin had cut way back on exercising in the past few years due to work or family pressure; on average, the active twin worked out at least twice a week, while the less active twi n exercised less than twice a week. The research team put each twin through a host of medical tests to ge t a sense of their overall health.

　　茌研究中，芬兰研究人员选择了10对同卵双胞胎。每对双胞胎都是30多岁,每对双胞胎的日常起居都泪同。当然，因为是同卵，所以他们也拥有完全相同的DNA。仅有的不同是，虽然他们在大多数时候进行相同等级的锻炼 ,但其中一个双胞胎在过去几年里因工作和家庭压力削减了运动；平均来说，常运动的双胞胎每周至少运动两次.同时，少运动的双胞胎每周运动不到两次。研究团队对每名双胞胎都进行了多项药理检查,以获得他们全部的健康状况。

　　停止锻炼的后果

　　The results revealed big differences between each twin. While the more active twins had lower body fat percentage (20.7 versus² 24), better endurance levels, and normal insulin sensitivity, the sedentary twins had about seven more pounds of body fat, worse endurance, and insulin sensitivity that showed signs of early metabolic³ disease. Not only were their bodies different; their brains diverged⁴ as well. The athletic⁵ twins had more gray matter (the information processing part of the brain), particularly in areas that controlled balance and motor function.

　　结果揭露了每对双胞胎之间巨大的差异。常运动的双胞胎拥有更低的体脂肪率（20.7:24），更好的耐力，和正常的胰岛素敏感度，少运动的双胞胎脂肪多出7磅多，耐力差，胰岛素敏感度更显示出早期代谢病的症状。不仅身体状况不同，他们的大脑也出现差异。运动双胞胎拥有更多脑灰质（大脑中负责信息处理的部分），尤其是负责平衡和运动功能的部分。

　　The study was small, but the takeaway is clear: Quitting your fitness routine can trigger body and brain changes that mess with your cardio fitness and strength and set you up for chronic⁶ conditions such as di abetes, says Jordan Metzl, M.D., sports medicine physician and author of The Exercise Cure. (Metzl was no t part of the study.) And considering that the less active twins in the study had only recently become co uch potatoes, these changes can sneak⁷ up on you a lot sooner than you'd think. "Muscles begin to atroph> after just a few days of being sedentary," says Metzl. "Organ damage and changes in overall functioning w ill follow."

　　运动医学专家和运动治疗机构负责人乔丹吉米麦特奏(他并没有参与这项研究）说，这个研究规模较小，但结论却很淸晰：退出健身计划会触发身体和大脑的改变，弱化心肺的功能，还会导致一些慢性病，比如糖尿病。考虑到少运动双胞胎只在最近才变得懒散，这些改变可能比你想象得更早已发生在你身上。” “缺乏运动只要几天就会导致肌肉萎缩，”吉米麦特奏说，“而器官总体功苜獅员伤与改变随后就会开始。”

1 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

2 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

3 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

4 diverged   

分开( diverge的过去式和过去分词 )； 偏离； 分歧； 分道扬镳

参考例句：

• Who knows when we'll meet again? 不知几时咱们能再见面！
• At what time do you get up? 你几时起床？

5 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。

6 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

7 sneak   

vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行

参考例句：

• He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。
• I saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。