面对危化品隐患，你该怎么办

 　　Housekeeping is crucial to safe workplaces. It can help prevent injuries and improve productivity and morale¹.

　　打扫卫生对工作场所的安全至关重要，它有助于预防受伤，提高生产力，提振士气。

　　The practice extends from traditional offices to industrial workplaces, including factories, warehouses² and manufacturing plants that present special challenges such as hazardous³ materials, combustible⁴ dust and other flammables. Here are 11 tips for effective workplace housekeeping.

　　无论是传统办公室，还是工业生产车间，比如含特别风险（危险品、易燃粉尘和其他易燃物）的工厂、仓库和制造厂，打扫卫生都很重要。以下是高效清洁工作场所的11个技巧。

　　面对危化品隐患，你该怎么办

　　1. Prevent slips, trips and falls

　　预防滑倒、绊倒和掉落

　　Report and clean up spills and leaks.

　　Consider installing mirrors and warning signs to help with blind spots.

　　Replace worn, ripped or damage flooring.

　　Use drip pans and guards.

　　有物体溢出、泄露时应报告上级并清理干净。

　　考虑在盲区旁放置镜子、张贴警示标志。

　　地板破损、裂开或有损坏时应更换。

　　使用滴油盘和防护装置。

　　2. Eliminate fire hazards

　　消除火灾隐患

　　Keep combustible materials in the work area only in amounts needed for the job. When they are unneeded, move them to an assigned safe storage area.

　　Store quick-burning, flammable materials in designated locations away from ignition sources.

　　Avoid contaminating clothes with flammable liquids. Change clothes if contamination occurs.

　　在工作场所只存放工作需要量的易燃物品。不需要时，将易燃品移至指定的安全储藏区。

　　将速燃、易燃物品存储在远离火源的指定地点。

　　避免衣物沾染易燃液体。一旦沾染，赶快换掉衣服。

　　3.Control dust

　　控制粉尘

　　Dust accumulation of more than 0.8 millimeters – covering at least 5 percent of a room's surface poses a significant explosion hazard. Vacuuming is the "preferred" method of cleaning. Sweeping⁵ and water wash-down are other options. "Blow-downs" using compressed air or steam is allowed for inaccessible⁶ or unsafe surfaces.

　　粉尘沉积超过0.8毫米，覆盖房间表面达5%或以上时，会有重大的爆炸隐患。吸尘器是清理灰尘的最佳选择。清扫和洒水也是可选的。对于接触不到或不安全的表面，可用压缩空气和蒸汽进行排气清理。

　　4. Avoid tracking materials

　　避免留下痕迹

　　Work-area mats should be kept clean and maintained.

　　Separate cleaning protocols⁷ may be needed for different areas to prevent cross-contamination.

　　If the materials are toxic⁸, industrial hygiene⁹ testing, uniforms and showering facilities might be needed.

　　工作场所里的垫子应保持干净并加以保养。

　　不同场所应有独立的清理规定，以防交叉污染。

　　如果这些物质有毒，需要进行工业卫生检测，穿戴工作服，安装淋浴设备。

　　5. Prevent falling objects

　　避免物体掉落

　　Protections such as a toe board can help prevent objects from falling and hitting workers or equipment. Other tips include stacking boxes and materials straight up and down to keep them from falling. Place heavy objects on lower shelves, and keep equipment away from the edges of desks and tables.

　　趾板等防护物品有助于预防物体掉落，以免击中工人或设备。其他的建议包括：整齐堆放堆垛箱、物避免掉落；将重的物品放在低架子上；设备应远离桌边。

　　6. Clear clutter¹⁰

　　清理杂物

　　Keep aisles¹¹, stairways, emergency exits, electrical panels and doors clear of clutter, and purge¹² untidy areas. Empty trash receptacles before they overflow¹³.

　　过道、楼梯、紧急出口、配电板和门口处禁止堆放杂物，脏乱场所应清理干净。垃圾箱装满前应清空。

　　7. Store materials properly

　　正确储藏物品

　　Storage areas should not have an accumulation of materials that present hazards for tripping, fire, explosion or pests. Unused materials and equipment should be stored out of the way of workers. Remember to put everything back in its proper place. Keeping a storage space nearby so workers are encouraged to use it.

　　储藏区不应堆放可能绊倒人、引发火灾和爆炸、招致害虫的物品。未使用过的物品和设备应放在不影响工人的区域。谨记所有物品用完后应放到合适的地方。储藏区应设在附近，以方便工人使用。

　　8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools

　　使用并检查个人防护装备和工具

　　Wear basic PPE – such as closed-toe shoes and safety glasses – while performing housekeeping. Determine what type of PPE to don based on the potential risks. Regularly inspect, clean and fix tools. Remove any damaged tools from the work area.

　　打扫卫生时穿戴基本的个人防护装备，如包头鞋、安全眼镜。根据潜在的风险来判断穿戴哪种类型的个人防护装备。定期检查、清理和修补工具。将所有损坏工具移出工作区。

　　9. Determine frequency

　　确定清洁频率

　　All workers should participate in housekeeping, especially in terms of keeping their own work areas tidy, reporting safety hazards and cleaning up spills. A company should have a mixture of deep cleaning and more frequent, lighter¹⁴ cleaning that involves sweeping and responding to spills.

　　打扫卫生人人有责，特别是个人工作区应保持干净，上报安全隐患并清理泄漏液体。公司应既有全面大扫除，又经常做一般性清扫，如扫除垃圾，清理泄漏液体。

　　10. Create written rules

　　制定书面规则

　　Housekeeping policies should be put in writing. Written protocols could specify¹⁵ which cleaners, tools and methods should be used.

　　清洁卫生制度应以书面形式呈现出来。书面协议可以明确规定应该使用哪种清洁剂、工具和方法。

　　11. Think long-term

　　着眼长远

　　Housekeeping should be more than a one-time initiative. Keep records, maintain a regular walkthrough inspection¹⁶ schedule, report hazards and train employees to help sustain housekeeping.

　　清洁卫生不应该只是三分钟热度。应该做记录，定期做全面检查，汇报隐患，指导员工经常清洁卫生。

　　Vocabulary

　　combustible: 易燃的

　　flammable: 易燃物

　　trip: 绊倒

　　ignition: 点燃

　　toxic: 有毒的

　　purge: 清洗

　　PPE (personal protective equipment): 个人防护设备

1 morale   

n.道德准则，士气，斗志

参考例句：

• The morale of the enemy troops is sinking lower every day.敌军的士气日益低落。
• He tried to bolster up their morale.他尽力鼓舞他们的士气。

2 warehouses   

仓库，货栈( warehouse的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The whisky was taken to bonded warehouses at Port Dundee. 威士忌酒已送到邓迪港的保稅仓库。
• Row upon row of newly built warehouses line the waterfront. 江岸新建的仓库鳞次栉比。

3 hazardous   

adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的

参考例句：

• These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
• Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。

4 combustible   

a. 易燃的,可燃的; n. 易燃物,可燃物

参考例句：

• Don't smoke near combustible materials. 别在易燃的材料附近吸烟。
• We mustn't take combustible goods aboard. 我们不可带易燃品上车。

5 sweeping   

adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的

参考例句：

• The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
• Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？

6 inaccessible   

adj.达不到的，难接近的

参考例句：

• This novel seems to me among the most inaccessible.这本书对我来说是最难懂的小说之一。
• The top of Mount Everest is the most inaccessible place in the world.珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最难到达的地方。

7 protocols   

n.礼仪( protocol的名词复数 )；（外交条约的）草案；（数据传递的）协议；科学实验报告（或计划）

参考例句：

• There are also protocols on the testing of nuclear weapons. 也有关于核武器试验的协议。 来自辞典例句
• Hardware components and software design of network transport protocols are separately introduced. 介绍系统硬件组成及网络传输协议的软件设计。 来自互联网

8 toxic   

adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的

参考例句：

• The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
• There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。

9 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

10 clutter   

n.零乱，杂乱；vt.弄乱，把…弄得杂乱

参考例句：

• The garage is in such a clutter that we can't find anything.车库如此凌乱，我们什么也找不到。
• We'll have to clear up all this clutter.我们得把这一切凌乱的东西整理清楚。

11 aisles   

n. (席位间的)通道, 侧廊

参考例句：

• Aisles were added to the original Saxon building in the Norman period. 在诺曼时期，原来的萨克森风格的建筑物都增添了走廊。
• They walked about the Abbey aisles, and presently sat down. 他们走到大教堂的走廊附近，并且很快就坐了下来。

12 purge   

n.整肃，清除，泻药，净化；vt.净化，清除，摆脱；vi.清除，通便，腹泻，变得清洁

参考例句：

• The new president carried out a purge of disloyal army officers.新总统对不忠诚的军官进行了清洗。
• The mayoral candidate has promised to purge the police department.市长候选人答应清洗警察部门。

13 overflow   

v.(使)外溢，(使)溢出；溢出，流出，漫出

参考例句：

• The overflow from the bath ran on to the floor.浴缸里的水溢到了地板上。
• After a long period of rain,the river may overflow its banks.长时间的下雨天后，河水可能溢出岸来。

14 lighter   

n.打火机，点火器；驳船；v.用驳船运送；light的比较级

参考例句：

• The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色，色调明朗了一些。
• The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。

15 specify   

vt.指定，详细说明

参考例句：

• We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
• Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

16 inspection   

n.检查，审查，检阅

参考例句：

• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。
• The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。