抗战胜利纪念日为何定在9.3

 　　Today is the official memorial day for China's victory in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression¹. Now, let's take a look at why September 3rd was chosen and made a national holiday.

　　今天（9月3日）是中国人民抗日战争胜利的官方纪念日。现在我们一起来看看为何将9月3日定为全国性的纪念日。

　　Japan's announcement of surrender actually happened on August 15th, 1945. A little after noon, Japanese emperor Hirohito announced his country's acceptance of the terms of the Potsdam Declaration, and its unconditional² surrender. The message was broadcast across the nation over radio.

　　1945年8月15日，日本宣布投降。当天中午时分，日本裕仁天皇宣布日本接受《波茨坦公告》，无条件投降。这一消息通过电台广播传遍全国。

　　抗战胜利纪念日为何定在9.3

　　However, without the formal signing over the terms of the surrender, it didn't have any legal standing³. So, on September 2nd, representatives from Japan, China and eight other Allied⁴ powers gathered on the deck of the USS "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay. They signed on the Japanese instrument of surrender. The ceremony over 20 minutes, and it was broadcast throughout the world.

　　不过，投降协议尚未正式签署，日本的投降尚不具备法律效力。因此，9月2日，在停泊于东京湾的美国“密苏里号”战列舰上，日本代表同中国及其他八个同盟国的代表签署了日本降伏文书。受降仪式时长20多分钟，并以广播形式昭告世界。

　　The next day, September 3rd, the Japanese army in China formally surrendered to the Chinese government. The whole of China was in jubilation⁵. Celebrations were held across the country. It marked the first outright⁶ victory over a foreign invasion in Chinese modern history. Therefore, September 3rd was chosen, at the time, as the official victory day.

　　次日，也就是9月3日，中国境内的日本军队正式向中国政府投降。全国人民都沉浸在喜悦之中，举国欢庆。这是近代以来中华民族反抗外敌入侵第一次取得的完全胜利。因此，当时，9月3日就被定为抗战胜利纪念日。

　　However, after the founding of New China in 1949, the victory day was reset⁷ to August 15th, the date Japan announced unconditional surrender. But two years later, the then-Government Administrative⁸ Council switched it back to September 3rd.

　　然而，1949年新中国成立后，胜利日一度被改为8月15日，即日本宣布无条件投降的日期。两年后（1951年），当时的中央人民政府政务院重新将9月3日确定为抗战胜利纪念日。

　　In 2014, China's top legislative⁹ body ratified¹⁰ September 3rd as the "Victory Day of Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression". It then officially became a national holiday when it was announced that memorial activities would be held every year going forward. It's hoped the ratification¹¹ will help people reflect on the war; commemorate¹² the heroic sacrifices; and express China's firm stance of safeguarding national sovereignty, territorial¹³ solidarity¹⁴ and world peace.

　　2014年，全国人大通过决议，将9月3日确定为“中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日”。有关部门宣布，今后每年9月3日都将举行纪念活动，9月3日也正式成为全国性的纪念日。批准设立抗战胜利纪念日有望帮助人们反思战争，缅怀先烈的牺牲，表达中国坚决维护国家主权、国土完整和世界和平的决心。

　　Vocabulary

　　USS: 是United States Steamship的缩写，指美国船舶。

1 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

2 unconditional   

adj.无条件的，无限制的，绝对的

参考例句：

• The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender.胜方要求敌人无条件投降。
• My love for all my children is unconditional.我对自己所有孩子的爱都是无条件的。

3 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

4 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

5 jubilation   

n.欢庆，喜悦

参考例句：

• The goal was greeted by jubilation from the home fans.主场球迷为进球欢呼。
• The whole city was a scene of jubilation.全市一片欢腾。

6 outright   

adv.坦率地；彻底地；立即；adj.无疑的；彻底的

参考例句：

• If you have a complaint you should tell me outright.如果你有不满意的事，你应该直率地对我说。
• You should persuade her to marry you outright.你应该彻底劝服她嫁给你。

7 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

8 administrative   

adj.行政的，管理的

参考例句：

• The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
• He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

9 legislative   

n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的

参考例句：

• Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
• Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

10 ratified   

v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The treaty was declared invalid because it had not been ratified. 条约没有得到批准，因此被宣布无效。
• The treaty was ratified by all the member states. 这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。

11 ratification   

n.批准，认可

参考例句：

• The treaty is awaiting ratification.条约正等待批准。
• The treaty is subject to ratification.此条约经批准后才能生效。

12 commemorate   

vt.纪念，庆祝

参考例句：

• This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
• We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。

13 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

14 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。