风靡美国的中国美食

 　　What comes to mind when we speak of cultural exports from China to the United States?

　　说起中国对美国的文化输出，你会想起什么？

　　Bruce Lee, the giant panda, or kung fu?

　　李小龙？大熊猫？还是中国功夫？

　　Without a doubt, these cultural symbols are successful exports of Chinese culture, but another form of Chinese culture widely known in the US is Chinese cuisine¹.

　　毫无疑问，这些文化符号都是非常成功的中华文化输出，但目前还有另一种形式的中国文化也风靡全美，那就是中国美食。

　　Many types of local snacks, all deeply loved in China, are taking over the streets of America. Some were modified to suit to Americans' tastes, while others retain the traditional taste of China.

　　深受中国人喜爱的多种当地小吃现在已经攻陷了美国的大街小巷。其中有些为了适应美国人口味做了调整，而还有一些则完全保留了其原汁原味。

　　Here are just some of them.

　　接下来将列举几个在美国很热门的中国小吃。

　　风靡美国的中国美食

　　Pai huang gua (smashed cucumbers)

　　拍黄瓜

　　In a report titled Smashed cucumber salad takes Manhattan, The New York Times praised the method of smashing cucumbers in making salads as a completely new way to eat a cucumber.

　　一篇名为《拍黄瓜沙拉》的报道攻占了曼哈顿，《纽约时报》也对其大加赞赏，对这种吃黄瓜的新方式赞不绝口。

　　As the latest trend in New York this summer, smashed cucumbers and "their craggy edges and rough surfaces absorb flavors and form relationships in seconds," as opposed to sliced cucumbers, which tend to "shrug²" off the dressing³.

　　作为纽约今夏的最新风潮，拍黄瓜“凹凸的棱角以及粗糙的表面能快速地吸收调料味道并能在数秒内和调料融为一体，”和“油盐不进”的黄瓜片恰好相反。

　　"It's cool how just changing the way you break down an ingredient completely changes the way it feels and tastes," said Danny Bowien, the chef at Mission Chinese Food on the Lower East Side.

　　丹尼?鲍温是曼哈顿下东区龙山小馆（Mission Chinese Food）的主厨，他表示“你添加调料的方法不同，会导致食物的口感和味道也不同，这非常奇妙。”

　　The traditional Chinese cucumber salad, or pai huang gua, is dressed with a vinaigrette of soy sauce, rice or black vinegar, chopped garlic, sugar and sesame oil. In North and West China, where spicy⁴ foods are preferred, chili⁵ oil or Sichuan peppercorns are added for that extra kick.

　　传统的中式黄瓜沙拉，或者说拍黄瓜，表面都裹着一层沙拉汁，由酱油、白醋或黑醋、蒜蓉、糖和芝麻油调制而成。中国北部和西部的人民嗜辣，所以有时会加辣椒油或者朝天椒来调味。

　　Smashed cucumbers have long been found in Chinese restaurants in New York, but they have branched into other types of cuisine this summer. At Mr. Bowien's Mexican-influenced restaurant Mission Cantina, they are served with an intensely flavored dressing of lime, cumin and oregano-flavored sesame paste. At the Japanese restaurant Untitled, they are served with buckwheat noodles, baby turnips⁶ and tuna tartare.

　　拍黄瓜在纽约中餐馆里的历史其实已经不短了，但这道菜在这个夏天发展成好几种美味。在鲍温的另一家具有墨西哥风情的小馆Mission Cantina，拍黄瓜搭配的调料味道很强烈，有酸橙、茴香和牛至叶粉口味的芝麻酱。而在日本料理店“无题”内，和拍黄瓜一起端上桌的还有荞麦面、嫩芜菁和金枪鱼鞑靼。

　　At Superiority Burgers, the cucumbers are mixed with tangy yogurt and jalapeno honey and sprinkled with crushed sesame breadsticks, a form that the traditional Chinese dish has never taken before.

　　在“上等汉堡”店（Superiority Burgers）内，厨师将拍黄瓜与气味扑鼻的酸奶和墨西哥胡椒蜂蜜混合，再撒上掰碎的长棍芝麻面包，创造出这种与中餐截然不同的小吃。

　　"There's something about the roughness, and the variety of shapes and sizes, that you get with smashing that is incredibly satisfying," said Julia Goldberg, a sous-chef who created the recipe alongside Brooks⁷ Headley, chef and owner of Superiority Burger.

　　“上等汉堡”店的助理厨师茱莉亚?哥德堡和主厨兼老板布鲁克斯?黑德利一起研发了这道菜谱，她表示，“拍黄瓜的棱角、形状和大小的多样性都让人非常满意。”

　　Jian bing (grilled⁸ savory⁹ crepe)

　　煎饼

　　Jian bing, a form of grilled savory crepe with stuffing, is a popular dish in North China. The mung-bean-and-millet crepe is often made on a well-heated pan. Freshly scrambled¹⁰ egg, pickled vegetables, scallions, cilantro, black bean paste, chili sauce and a crispy fried crackers¹¹ (the secret that adds a crunch¹² to the crepe) are added on the crepe and rolled up. Often sold by street vendors¹⁴, Jian bing is a popular choice for breakfast for on-the-go commuters.

　　煎饼，是一种包有内馅儿的咸味煎薄饼，它在中国北方广受欢迎。在烧得滚热的案板上，摊开绿豆和小米面糊烙成面饼，在面饼上打一个鸡蛋，撒上泡菜、大葱、香菜，涂上豆瓣酱、辣椒酱，然后放上一块薄脆（让煎饼酥脆的秘密），再卷起来。煎饼通常是大街小巷的小贩在卖，它是许多赶着上班的通勤族最爱的早餐。

　　Alisa Grandy, the owner of Bing Mi!, fell in love with the snack when she returned to Portland from her trip in China.

　　艾丽莎?格兰迪是Bing Mi的店主，在她从中国旅游回到波特兰以后，她对煎饼的爱就一发不可收拾。

　　"When she got back from China, that's all she would talk about," says her husband Neal. Grandy spent months perfecting the right mix of ingredients to recreate the exact taste she enjoyed in China. Six months later, the couple opened a store. Business is good, as they've already got two crepe-makers on back order.

　　她的丈夫尼尔称“自打她从中国回来以后，她成天都在谈论煎饼”。后来格兰迪花了好几个月，专门研究煎饼的原料和配方，以复制她在中国尝过的那种味道。六个月后，夫妇俩开了家店。生意非常红火，两个煎饼师傅都忙不过来。

　　Bing Mi! sells a piece of jian bing for $6. In fact, it is the only item that they sell. According to Grandy's husband, Chinese customers nostalgic for the taste of home have given their compliments.

　　Bing Mi!的煎饼每个售价6美元。事实上，他们只卖煎饼。格兰迪的丈夫称，因思乡而来品尝故乡味道的中国顾客称赞了他们做的煎饼。

　　Rou jia mo (Chinese hamburger)

　　肉夹馍

　　Rou jia mo, which translates as "meat placed between bun", has a similar recipe to hamburgers, consisting of chopped meat inside a bun.

　　肉夹馍，翻译过来就是“夹了肉的小圆面包”，它和汉堡的配方类似，就是在小圆面包里夹入肉糜。

　　The chewy bun baked in a clay oven or fried in a pan and with a mouthwatering meat filling stewed¹⁵ in a variety of spices — is not only popular in China's streets and alleys¹⁶ but also with foodies overseas.

　　充满嚼劲儿的馍馍通常是在土灶内烤制或平底锅上煎制而成，然后在里面加入让人垂涎欲滴的风味烤肉——这道小吃不仅火遍中国大街小巷，在海外吃货的嘴里，也是赞不绝口。

　　Xie Yunfeng, a Chinese vendor¹³ selling rou jia mo in front of Columbia University in New York, became an online sensation in 2013. Xie said he could sell more than 100 rou jia mo a day.

　　谢云峰在纽约的哥伦比亚大学前卖肉夹馍，他在2013年还火了一把，他称他一天能卖100多个肉夹馍。

　　Commenting on the reported comparison between rou jia mo and hamburgers, one Internet user said, "People like eating meat by sandwiching it between buns, whether they are in the East or the West."

　　在一则比较肉夹馍和汉堡的报告下有一则评论，一位网友如此说道，“不管是东方还是西方，人们都爱把肉夹在面包或馒头里吃。”

　　General Tao's Chicken

　　左宗棠鸡

　　Though name of the dish comes from general Zuo Zongtang (1812-1885), who lived during the Qing dynasty in today's Hunan province, the general himself carries little relation to the dish.

　　名字虽然来源于左宗棠将军，他曾在清朝居住在现今的湖南省境内，但这道菜其实和他并没多大关系。

　　The dish General Tao's Chicken is neither served in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, nor in Xiangyin, the birthplace of the general. The generals' descendants, who still live in Xiangyin, said they have never heard of such a dish.

　　这道菜，你不仅在湖南省会长沙找不到，在他的出生地湘阴也找不到。如今他的后人仍生活在湘阴，他们表示从未听说过此道菜。

　　General Tao's Chicken can be found almost ubiquitously in Chinese restaurants in the US. The chicken chunks¹⁷, battered¹⁸ and deep fried, are often covered with a thick sweet and sour sauce seasoned with soy sauce, rice wine, rice wine vinegar, sugar, cornstarch and dried red chili peppers. 但是这道菜在美国境内的中餐馆里可到处都是。

　　“左宗棠鸡”的做法是将鸡块先捶打，后油炸，再浇上一层浓郁的酸甜酱汁。这种酱汁由酱油、米酒、白醋、糖、玉米粉和干辣椒制成。

　　Egg rolls

　　蛋卷

　　The term egg roll often refers to a variation of fried spring rolls in China, only the wrap is thicker, the entire form bigger, and it doesn't have much to do with eggs.

　　在中国，蛋卷一词通常指的是炸春卷的变体，只不过表皮变厚了一些，体积大了一点，和鸡蛋并没有太大关系。

　　The typical spring rolls in China are made with rice dough¹⁹, wrapped around fillings which often consists of julienned vegetables and sometimes meat, and then deep fried. The egg roll, however, is made with flour dough, which gives it a thicker texture²⁰ as opposed to the rice wrap.

　　中国春卷的做法一般是用大米粉制成春卷皮，裹住馅料再下油锅炸，馅儿通常由蔬菜丝和肉组成。而蛋卷皮是用面粉制成，所以比大米粉做的春卷皮更厚。

　　Egg rolls are often served as appetizers²¹ in the US, just as spring rolls are in China.

　　蛋卷在美国通常是作为开胃菜，就像中国的春卷一样。

　　Vocabulary

　　vinaigrette: 一种油，醋，盐，香料等合成的浓烈调味品

　　tangy: 有强烈味道的；刺鼻的

　　sous-chef: 助理厨师

　　crepe: 油煎薄饼；薄烤饼

　　on back order: 延迟交货，供不应求

　　clay oven: 土灶

　　ubiquitously: 无所不在地

　　julienned: 切成丝的

1 cuisine   

n.烹调，烹饪法

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• This restaurant is renowned for its cuisine.这家餐馆以其精美的饭菜而闻名。

2 shrug   

v.耸肩(表示怀疑、冷漠、不知等)

参考例句：

• With a shrug,he went out of the room.他耸一下肩，走出了房间。
• I admire the way she is able to shrug off unfair criticism.我很佩服她能对错误的批评意见不予理会。

3 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

4 spicy   

adj.加香料的；辛辣的，有风味的

参考例句：

• The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
• Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。

5 chili   

n.辣椒

参考例句：

• He helped himself to another two small spoonfuls of chili oil.他自己下手又加了两小勺辣椒油。
• It has chocolate,chili,and other spices.有巧克力粉，辣椒，和其他的调味品。

6 turnips   

芜青( turnip的名词复数 )； 芜菁块根； 芜菁甘蓝块根； 怀表

参考例句：

• Well, I like turnips, tomatoes, eggplants, cauliflowers, onions and carrots. 噢，我喜欢大萝卜、西红柿、茄子、菜花、洋葱和胡萝卜。 来自魔法英语-口语突破（高中）
• This is turnip soup, made from real turnips. 这是大头菜汤，用真正的大头菜做的。

7 brooks   

n.小溪( brook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks gave the business when Haas caught him with his watch. 哈斯抓到偷他的手表的布鲁克斯时，狠狠地揍了他一顿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Ade and Brooks exchanged blows yesterday and they were severely punished today. 艾德和布鲁克斯昨天打起来了，今天他们受到严厉的惩罚。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 grilled   

adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go. 他被严厉盘查了两个小时后，警察才放他走。
• He was grilled until he confessed. 他被严加拷问，直到他承认为止。

9 savory   

adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的

参考例句：

• She placed a huge dish before him of savory steaming meat.她将一大盘热气腾腾、美味可口的肉放在他面前。
• He doesn't have a very savory reputation.他的名誉不太好。

10 scrambled   

v.快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 )；攀登；争夺；（军事飞机）紧急起飞

参考例句：

• Each scrambled for the football at the football ground. 足球场上你争我夺。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He scrambled awkwardly to his feet. 他笨拙地爬起身来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 crackers   

adj.精神错乱的，癫狂的n.爆竹( cracker的名词复数 )；薄脆饼干；（认为）十分愉快的事；迷人的姑娘

参考例句：

• That noise is driving me crackers. 那噪声闹得我简直要疯了。
• We served some crackers and cheese as an appetiser. 我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

13 vendor   

n.卖主；小贩

参考例句：

• She looked at the vendor who cheated her the other day with distaste.她厌恶地望着那个前几天曾经欺骗过她的小贩。
• He must inform the vendor immediately.他必须立即通知卖方。

14 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

15 stewed   

adj.焦虑不安的，烂醉的v.炖( stew的过去式和过去分词 )；煨；思考；担忧

参考例句：

• When all birds are shot, the bow will be set aside;when all hares are killed, the hounds will be stewed and eaten -- kick out sb. after his services are no longer needed. 鸟尽弓藏，兔死狗烹。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• \"How can we cook in a pan that's stewed your stinking stockings? “染臭袜子的锅，还能煮鸡子吃！还要它？” 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

16 alleys   

胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径

参考例句：

• I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys. 我紧随他穿过一条条迂迴曲折的窄巷。
• The children lead me through the maze of alleys to the edge of the city. 孩子们领我穿过迷宫一般的街巷，来到城边。

17 chunks   

厚厚的一块( chunk的名词复数 )； （某物）相当大的数量或部分

参考例句：

• a tin of pineapple chunks 一罐菠萝块
• Those chunks of meat are rather large—could you chop them up a bIt'smaller? 这些肉块相当大，还能再切小一点吗？

18 battered   

adj.磨损的；v.连续猛击；磨损

参考例句：

• He drove up in a battered old car.他开着一辆又老又破的旧车。
• The world was brutally battered but it survived.这个世界遭受了惨重的创伤,但它还是生存下来了。

19 dough   

n.生面团；钱，现款

参考例句：

• She formed the dough into squares.她把生面团捏成四方块。
• The baker is kneading dough.那位面包师在揉面。

20 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

21 appetizers   

n.开胃品( appetizer的名词复数 )；促进食欲的活动；刺激欲望的东西；吊胃口的东西

参考例句：

• Here is the egg drop and appetizers to follow. 这是您要的蛋花汤和开胃品。 来自互联网
• Would you like appetizers or a salad to go with that? 你要不要小菜或色拉？ 来自互联网