研究:喝咖啡对结肠癌有抑制作用

 　　Colon¹ cancer patients who were heavy coffee drinkers had a far lower risk of dying or having their cancer return than those who did not drink coffee, with significant benefits starting at two to three cups a day, a new study found. Patients who drank four cups of caffeinated coffee or more a day had half the rate of recurrence² or death than noncoffee drinkers.

　　一项新研究发现，与不喝咖啡的结肠癌患者相比，大量饮用咖啡的患者癌症复发或死亡的风险较低，而且从每天饮用咖啡两到三杯开始这种效益就十分显著。每天至少饮用四杯含咖啡因咖啡的患者的癌症复发或死亡率只有不喝咖啡者的一半。

　　But, the researchers caution, cancer patients should not start ordering extra tall coffees. The study, the first to report such findings, does not prove a cause-and-effect relationship between coffee drinking and a lower risk of colon cancer recurrence. As other experts note, there may be differences between heavy coffee drinkers and abstainers that the research was not able to account for.

　　不过，研究人员警告说，癌症患者不应因此就开始点超大杯的咖啡。该研究是对此类发现的首次报道，但未能证明饮用咖啡与较低的结肠癌复发风险之间的因果关系。正如其他专家所指出的那样，在大量饮用咖啡者与不喝咖啡者之间可能存在着该研究没有考虑到的差异。

　　研究:喝咖啡对结肠癌有抑制作用

　　In recent years, many studies have pointed³ to coffee's health benefits, suggesting coffee may protect against Type 2 diabetes⁴, reduce overall deaths and perhaps even help protect against dementia. Other studies have suggested coffee may reduce the risks of certain cancers, including colon cancer. The benefits are generally attributed to coffee's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

　　近年来，许多研究都指出咖啡具有健康效益，提出咖啡或可预防2型糖尿病，降低总体死亡率，甚至可能有助于防止痴呆症的发生。还有其它研究表明，咖啡可能会降低包括结肠癌在内的某些癌症的风险。这些优点通常都被归因于咖啡的抗氧化和抗炎特性。

　　But as with many studies about diet, proving a link between coffee consumption and protection against cancer recurrence is difficult.

　　然而，关于饮食的研究虽多，要证实饮用咖啡与预防癌症复发之间的关联却十分困难。

　　"Think about it: People who drink a lot of coffee tend to be high stress, high pressure, intense and compulsive," said Dr. Alfred Neugut, a professor of cancer research, medicine and epidemiology at Columbia University and a director of NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital's Cancer Prevention Center. "If they have cancer, they're going to be more obsessive⁵ about following all the rules and doing all the things they're supposed to do. So it may be that coffee itself is playing a physiological⁶ role, but it may also be a surrogate marker for you being a compulsive health-conscious good behaver."

　　"想想看：大量喝咖啡的人往往压力比较大、容易紧张或有强迫倾向，"美国哥伦比亚大学的癌症研究、医学和流行病学教授，纽约长老会医院癌症防治中心的主任艾尔弗雷德·纽各特博士说。"如果他们患了癌症，肯定会更严格地遵循所有的规则，去做所有他们应该做的事情。因此，或许确实是咖啡本身发挥了什么生理作用，但也有可能爱喝咖啡只是特别注重健康行为的人们的一个替代性标识。"

　　Dr. Charles S. Fuchs, the director of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Center at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, who led the research, acknowledged the limitations of his study and called for interventional⁷ studies to replicate⁸ and confirm the findings.

　　该研究的负责人，波士顿市丹娜法伯癌症研究院胃肠道癌症中心的查尔斯·S·富克斯博士承认自己的研究存在局限性，并呼吁进行干预性研究以重现和证实这些结果。

　　"No one has ever done this before in colon cancer patients. It does require confirmation," he said. Patients should not start drinking coffee based on this study, but, "If you're a coffee drinker and enjoy your coffee, stick with it," he said. "If a patient says, 'Well I hate coffee,' I'd say there are other things you can do, like avoid obesity⁹, exercise regularly and follow a balanced diet."

　　他说："此前尚无人在结肠癌患者中进行过这样的研究。它确实需要经过确认。"富克斯博士还说，患者不宜因为这项研究就开始饮用咖啡，但是，"如果你本身就喝咖啡而且喜欢喝，不妨保持下去。"如果有患者说：'我讨厌咖啡'，那我就会回答：还有很多其它的事情可以做，比方说避免肥胖、经常锻炼、均衡饮食等等。"

　　The study, published Monday in The Journal of Clinical Oncology, followed 953 patients with Stage 3 colon cancer who had been treated with surgery and chemotherapy.

　　这项研究发表在8月17日的《临床肿瘤学杂志》上，共计随访了953名曾接受手术和化疗的3期结肠癌患者。

1 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

2 recurrence   

n.复发，反复，重现

参考例句：

• More care in the future will prevent recurrence of the mistake.将来的小心可防止错误的重现。
• He was aware of the possibility of a recurrence of his illness.他知道他的病有可能复发。

3 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

4 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

5 obsessive   

adj. 着迷的, 强迫性的, 分神的

参考例句：

• Some people are obsessive about cleanliness.有些人有洁癖。
• He's becoming more and more obsessive about punctuality.他对守时要求越来越过分了。

6 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

7 interventional   

[医]介入的； 干涉的

参考例句：

• AM Contrast Nephropathy: What the Interventional Cardiologist Should Know and Do? 对比剂肾病：介入医师必须想到的和做到的是什么？ 来自互联网
• This article reviews some progresses in interventional therapy of liver cancer. 本文就肝癌介入治疗方面的研究进展简要综述。 来自互联网

8 replicate   

v.折叠，复制，模写；n.同样的样品；adj.转折的

参考例句：

• The DNA of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质DNA在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
• It is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样，它还可以被轻易的复制。

9 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。