澳政府发布难民抵澳生活指南

 　　Syria is a long way from Australia and the 12,000 refugees who will make their way south over the next 12 months will be likely to measure the distance in more than kilometres.

　　叙利亚距离澳大利亚很远，1.2万难民将在未来一年南下，这段路程可不止数公里。

　　In a surprising policy change, the Australian government recently said it would accept 12,000 Syrian refugees from camps in Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey.

　　澳大利亚政策出现意外转变，澳政府近期宣布，澳大利亚将从约旦、黎巴嫩和土耳其的难民营接收1.2万名叙利亚难民。

　　In what will be Australia's biggest refugee intake¹ in decades, the government is rushing to find accommodation and extra services to help resettle people fleeing trauma² and persecution³ in their home country.

　　这将是十年来澳大利亚接收难民最多的一年，政府正紧锣密鼓地为难民安排住宿，提供额外服务，帮助安置这些逃离在家乡遭受的痛苦和迫害的难民。

　　It won't be easy moving to a strange, new country but the government has a helpful explainer for new arrivals.

　　到一个陌生的国度定居并不是件容易的事，不过，澳大利亚政府已经为这些新来的难民准备了有用的生活指南。

　　澳政府发布难民抵澳生活指南

　　The "Life in Australia" booklet, published by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship⁴, offers handy tips and explanations about the ways down under.

　　澳洲移民与公民事务局出版了这本名为《澳大利亚生活》（Life in Australia）的小册子，为在澳生活的难民提供有用的提示和说明。

　　There are facts and figures about the country, an explanation of national symbols and a potted history of this "wide, brown land".

　　小册子介绍了澳大利亚的相关信息和数据，阐释了这片“广袤棕土地”的民族象征和国家简史。

　　More intriguingly⁵, the faceless bureaucrats⁶ have offered a cultural snapshot that may bemuse rather than reassure⁷ new arrivals, complete with definitions for time-honoured phrases such as "drop by this arvo for a cuppa" (please visit this afternoon for a cup of tea or coffee) and "no worries", which of course means "the task or request will be carried out without fuss or bother".

　　更有趣的是，千人一面的政府官员却提供了不少文化背景介绍。但对这些初来乍到的难民而言，有些内容不仅不能让他们消除疑虑，反而更加困惑。小册子中阐释了一些历史悠久的澳式短语的定义，如"drop by this arvo for a cuppa"（意为“今天下午请过来喝杯茶或咖啡”）和“no worries”（意为“这项工作或请求可以不受干扰或影响地开展”）等。

　　The booklet also points out that although locals may often strip off on hot days at the beach, that does not mean wearing little clothing translates to having "low moral standards".

　　小册子还指出，尽管当地人天热的时候在海滩会脱光衣服，但这并不意味着穿很少的衣服就是“道德败坏”。

　　It describes the concepts of "mateship" (a friend but also a total stranger), a "fair go", and the much-loved ritual of having a "barbie".

　　小册子还描述了“同伴关系”（是朋友，同时也是完全的陌生人）、“公平对待”的概念和澳大利亚人喜欢“烧烤”的传统。

　　It claims another defining feature of Australian society is its egalitarian nature and Australians' informal relationship with work colleagues.

　　小册子还点出了澳大利亚社会另一个典型特征——本质上的平等主义，同事间的关系比较随便，不那么正式。

　　"However, this informality does not extend to physical contact. When meeting someone for the first time, it is usual to shake the person's right hand with your right hand. People who do not know each other generally do not kiss or hug when meeting."

　　“但是，这种不正式并不适用于肢体接触。初次见面时，通常是用右手去握对方的右手。不熟悉的人见面通常不会亲吻或拥抱。”

　　The importance of good manners and good hygiene⁸ are also explained. Not blowing your nose on the street gets a mention, as does washing your hands before eating and after going to the toilet, and saying "thank you" or "please" when dealing⁹ with others.

　　小册子也阐明了举止得体和 良好卫生习惯的重要性。比如，不要在街上擤鼻涕，饭前便后要洗手，跟人打交道时要说“谢谢”和“请”。

　　"Australians also queue or line up when waiting to be served in a shop, a bank, a government department, a cinema or anywhere a number of people are all seeking a service at the same time."

　　“澳大利亚人去商店、银行、政府部门、电影院或任何同时有多人寻求服务的场所时，都会排队等候。”

　　The peak eating times of the day are spelt out:

　　进餐时间也有详细解释：

　　"The midday meal is called 'lunch', and the evening meal is usually called 'dinner'. Some Australians also refer to the evening meal as 'tea' and can use the term to mean either dinner or, literally¹⁰, a cup of tea or 'cuppa'. If invited for tea, the time of the event is a good sign of whether your host means dinner or just a cup of tea. An invitation to tea, any time after 6 pm (1800 hours) usually means dinner."

　　“中午那顿饭叫‘午餐’，晚上那顿饭通常叫‘晚餐’。有些澳大利亚人也把晚餐叫做‘茶’，这个词可以指晚餐，也可以指字面意义上的茶。如果被人邀请喝茶，可以通过时间来确定主人是请吃晚饭还是只请喝茶。一般来说，邀请在下午6点之后喝茶，意味着是请吃晚饭。”

　　Is there a typical Australian, asks the booklet?

　　小册子中提出一个问题：有没有典型的澳大利亚人呢？

　　Well, what with the ocker, the digger and his mate, it can all be a bit confusing.

　　嗯，粗鲁的澳大利亚人、澳大利亚士兵和他的同伴，这些都让人有点困惑。

　　Just remember:

　　只要记住：

　　"Australians are egalitarian, irreverent people with a deep suspicion of authority - yet they are mostly law-abiding and conformist."

　　“澳大利亚人信奉平等、不畏权贵，对当局深怀疑虑，但他们大都遵纪守法，尊奉习俗。”

　　Oh, and we all love the bush but most of us live in cities on the coast.

　　哦，我们都热爱丛林，但大部分人都住在沿海的城市里。

　　Bonza!

　　太棒了！

　　Vocabulary

　　faceless：没有个性的

　　bemuse：使困惑

　　egalitarian：平等主义的

　　spell out：清楚地解释，详细说明

　　ocker：粗鲁的澳大利亚人

　　irreverent：不尊敬的 [表赞许]

　　conformist：因循守旧的

1 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

2 trauma   

n.外伤，精神创伤

参考例句：

• Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
• The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。

3 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

4 citizenship   

n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)

参考例句：

• He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。
• Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

5 intriguingly   

参考例句：

• Intriguingly, she gave to the music a developed although oddly malleable personality. 最神奇的是，她的音乐具有成熟却又很奇怪地极富可塑性。 来自互联网
• Intriguingly, the patients brains were riddled with tangles, but not amyloid plaques. 有趣的是，患者的大脑中充满了各缠结，但并没有粉斑。 来自互联网

6 bureaucrats   

n.官僚( bureaucrat的名词复数 )；官僚主义；官僚主义者；官僚语言

参考例句：

• That is the fate of the bureaucrats, not the inspiration of statesmen. 那是官僚主义者的命运，而不是政治家的灵感。 来自辞典例句
• Big business and dozens of anonymous bureaucrats have as much power as Japan's top elected leaders. 大企业和许多不知名的官僚同日本选举出来的最高层领导者们的权力一样大。 来自辞典例句

7 reassure   

v.使放心，使消除疑虑

参考例句：

• This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点，于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
• The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。

8 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

9 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

10 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。