别浪费：10道你意想不到的厨余美味

 　　Looking to save money? How about cut food waste?Consider food scraps¹—those bits and pieces of leftover² fruit, veggies, meat, and yes, even cheese, that you’d normally throw away or compost.

　　想省钱？何不减少食物的浪费呢？考虑下做饭剩下的，比如果蔬、肉类剩余的边角料，对了，连奶酪都可以，凡是你准备扔掉或是用作堆肥的，都可以。

　　Americans chuck about 20 pounds of food every month, costing us anywhere from $28 to $43 per person. Part of that is an aversion to food we might consider below-standard. There's been a movement in the past couple years to start embracing ugly but still perfectly³ good food, and educating cooks about the food scraps they shouldn't be tossing.

　　美国人平均每人每月丢弃20磅的食物，人均浪费28到43美元不等。部分原因在于人们觉得有些食物"不达标"，有厌恶情绪。过去几年里，人们开始接受貌丑但仍是好的食物了，教厨师了解他们不该扔的厨余。

　　Read on for 10 food scraps you can re-purpose in recipes and more, creating delicious meals with odds⁴ and ends you may have overlooked.

　　以下10种厨余你可以重新纳入你的食谱，用这些边边角角独创几道你曾忽视的美味吧。

　　别浪费：10道你意想不到的厨余美味

　　1. Meat fat, scraps, and bones

　　肉类脂肪、多余肉片和肉骨

　　You probably knew that you can save chicken carcasses and beef bones to make soup stock. But those other spare parts can be useful, as well.

　　你应该知道的吧，存着鸡架骨和牛肉骨，可以熬制老汤，但其实剩余部分也是很有用的。

　　The next time you roast or sauté meat, save the leftover juices and oil. Depending on what else you are cooking, add the savory⁵ leftovers⁶ to a pot of beans, cooked grains, or even sautéed greens. Bacon grease is especially good for this (cooled first before storage, of course), lending flavor to everything from eggs to popcorn⁷. On a similar note, duck fat is said to be especially good on roasted potatoes.

　　下次你烤肉或者煎肉的时候，把剩余的汁水和油留着。看你接下来还要烹饪什么，把美味汁水加到一锅豆子里、煮熟的谷物里，或是炒蔬菜里。培根油脂最好了（当然，储存前要先冷却），可以把味道带到其他任意食材，无论是鸡蛋或是爆米花都可以。同理，鸭脂肪据说配烤土豆味道会很赞。

　　2. Veggie leaves and greens

　　菜叶和蔬菜

　　How many times have you chopped the green tops off of carrots, or peeled leaves from a head of cauliflower, only to throw them away? In fact, those greens are generally chock full of vitamins and minerals, and frequently make delicious side dishes all by themselves.

　　多少次你把胡萝卜的绿叶部分切掉？又有多少次你把一颗花菜的叶子都剥掉，然后通通扔掉？实际上，这些绿色的部分包含维生素和矿物质，这些部分通常可以用来制作很美味的配菜。

　　If you happen to find a cauliflower covered in bright green leaves, grab it! When roasted with a little oil in a 400 degree F oven, the smaller cauliflower leaves become crispy, kale-like chips that can be snacked on with your fingers or crumbled⁹ atop salads and grains for extra texture¹⁰. As for the larger leaves, heat up the BBQ or grill¹¹ pan and give it a brief char¹². Then toss with dressing¹³, seeds, and avocado for a non-lettuce salad.

　　如果你恰好看到一颗重重绿叶包裹着的花椰菜，一定要一把夺下。加些许油，烤箱里加热烤到400华氏度，偏小的花菜叶子就会变脆，有点像甘蓝脆片，你用手指头捻下尝尝味道，或者碾碎了撒在沙拉和谷物上，质地很不一般。至于大片儿的花菜叶子，放烤盘里加温，直至略焦。然后加点调味料、翻个个儿，加点籽儿和牛油果，这样不加生菜叶能吃沙拉啦。

　　3. Seeds

　　籽儿

　　The next time you scrape out the juicy, seedy insides of tomatoes and cucumbers, save them.Then mix with a little olive oil, vinegar, and citrus juice for a refreshing¹⁴ take on vinaigrette.

　　下次你把西红柿、黄瓜多汁多籽儿的瓤挖出来的时候，就存着吧。加点橄榄油、醋、柠檬或者柑橘汁儿，这样的油醋汁别有一番清新爽口的味道。

　　Pumpkin¹⁵ and winter squash (butternut, acorn¹⁶, etc.) seeds can be roasted, covered with salt, and eaten straight from a bowl, sprinkled on salads, or added to granola.Lemon seeds can be saved to make natural pectin for jams and jellies.Peppers and tomatoes can be regrown from saved seeds.

　　南瓜、东南瓜（奶油胡桃、橡子等）的籽儿可以烘烤，然后裹上盐，直接放碗里吃，也可以撒点在色拉上，或者加到即食麦片里。柠檬籽儿是果酱、果冻的天然胶质来源。辣椒和西红柿可以从保留下的籽儿里重新长出来。

　　4. Stale bread, cookies, cereal and chips

　　不怎么新鲜的面包、饼干、燕麦和薯条

　　There’s always that moment when you’ve eaten the last chip or bowl of cereal, and you’re left with a handful or two of crumbled bits. But before you throw them out, give them a quick pulse in the food processor. And depending on their flavor—sweet or savory—use like breadcrumbs or a crumble⁸ for your next casserole or cobbler. Add flour, butter, and spices accordingly.

　　总有几回你吃了最后一片薯片、喝完最后一碗燕麦，手头却还仍留有一两把细碎的燕麦或是薯片碎。扔之前，不妨将其放在食物加工器里简单处理一下。根据它们的口味，甜或咸，加到你下一道砂锅菜或是脆皮水果馅饼里。然后看情况加上面粉、黄油和香料。

　　Stale bread can turn into soup, meatballs, even salad dressing. Homemade croutons are another popular application. Finally they can be made into pie crusts for future savoring¹⁷.

　　陈面包还可以烧汤、做肉丸，甚至可以做色拉调味。家里烹饪还可以选择做烤碎面包丁。最后，陈面包还可以酥皮，让派更美味。

　　5. Marinating liquids

　　卤汁、腌制品

　　Pickle¹⁸ juice is another preservation/flavoring liquid you might want to hold on to, as well. By mixing with a little olive oil, give the last bits of your condiments¹⁹ new life. And use as a dressing for chicken, egg, or potato salad. Some bloggers even suggest saving pickle juice to make an entirely²⁰ new batch²¹ of pickles²². It's double the food for half the cost.

　　泡菜汁调味料是又一道让你欲罢不能的腌制调味品。在所剩不多的佐料里混些橄榄油，味道就焕然新生了。还可以做鸡肉、蛋和土豆沙拉的调味料。一些博主甚至建议存着泡菜汁新制一批泡菜，食物翻倍，价格减半。

　　6. Produce peels, skin and rinds

　　果皮

　　Peels and rinds from your produce often contain as much—or more—of a fruit or vegetable's vitamins and minerals, and can be used in a variety of applications. Simply eat them raw, or try them:

　　果蔬等农产品的果皮富含维生素和矿物质，甚至可能比蔬果本身含量更多，果皮用途多样，可以生吃或者尝试以下做法：

　　As chips: The next time you peel a potato, carrot, apples, or any other root vegetable, save the peels. Toss them with olive oil and some spices. And then bake them in a single layer in a 400 degree F oven, until browned and crispy, about 8 to 10 minutes.

　　薯片做法：下次你给土豆、胡萝卜、苹果还有其他根茎类蔬菜削皮的时候，把皮保留下来。在橄榄油里拌一拌，加点香料。然后放单层烤箱里烘烤到400华氏度， 烤至棕黄脆嫩，约莫8到10分钟。

　　As flavor agents: Onion peels are particularly good for flavoring stocks for chicken soup. Citrus rinds are excellent for every dish from cranberry²³ sauce to Christmas cookies, not to mention excellent for infusing vinegars and vodkas.

　　调味料做法：洋葱皮是做鸡汤汤底的上佳选择。柑橘类果皮无论是做蔓越莓酱还是圣诞小饼干都绝佳，更不要说醋和伏特加了，味儿倍棒。

　　As teas: Orange and apple peels can be boiled and combined with other ingredients for tasty, all-natural homemade tea.

　　茶的做法：橘子和苹果皮可以用水煮，和其他成分混合，调配美味天然的自制茶饮。

　　As pickles: You can pickle watermelon rinds!  Not to mention, there are myriad²⁴ applications for peels beyond cooking.

　　泡菜做法：你可以腌制西瓜皮。除了烹饪之外，果皮还有成千上万种料理方法。

　　7. Stalks and stems

　　蔬菜梗、茎

　　Yes, broccoli²⁵ stalks can be made into slaw, served in a stir fry, or even made into a pesto. Chard stems can be stringy, but delicious when blanched²⁶ and grilled²⁷. Remember, too, that those stalks frequently contain as many nutrients²⁸ as the other part of the vegetables. Broccoli stalks alone are full of potassium, protein, and vitamin B.

　　对，西兰花梗可以拌卷心菜色拉，大火快炒下，还可以做香蒜沙司。甜菜茎可能因为纤维多而比较难嚼，但汆水烫用火烤后就味美了。同样要记得，那些梗通常和其他部分一样有营养。单西兰花梗就富含钾元素、蛋白质和维生素B。

　　8. Cheese rinds

　　芝士边角料

　　Every Italian nonna knows: leftover cheese rinds are the secrets to deeply flavored food. Just add the cheese rind to your soup or sauce base and simmer to extract the flavor. Hard cheeses like Parmesan and Pecorino Romano work particularly well.

　　每个意大利人都知道，口味浓郁的美食的秘诀就在于芝士余料。把芝士的边角料加到你的汤底和调料底料里，炖出芝士风味。帕尔玛奶酪和意大利匹克利诺罗曼诺羊奶酪这样的偏硬的芝士效果尤其好。

　　9. Past-their-sell-by-date fruits and veggies

　　下架果蔬

　　Though it might look a bit past its prime, some overripe produce has its privileges—banana bread, for one. Every grandkid’s favorite comfort food is moistened and flavored by bananas that have gone just a little brown. One-ingredient banana ice cream is another heavenly application.

　　这看着好像是有点儿熟过头了，但有的过熟农产品也有其优势，香蕉面包便是一例。儿孙辈最爱的爽心美食就是需要在表皮有点点发黑的香蕉润泽下，增其风味。香蕉冰淇淋，成分单一，却是有一道人间美味。

　　10. Pulp²⁹

　　果肉

　　The great thing about juicing is, well, the juice. The bad thing about juicing is all that valuable pulp left behind afterward³⁰, which is where much of the fiber³¹ of a fruit or vegetable resides. There are a few resolutions to this pulpy³² problem, however, including:

　　榨汁最美妙的，自然就是榨得的汁水啦。恼人的却是榨干后遗留的果肉和蔬菜泥，多是水果的纤维或是蔬菜残渣。这些残余果肉的问题也是有办法解决的，方法如下：

　　Simply eat the pulp. There’s really no need to throw it away.Keep the pulp, and add it to smoothies and shakes later.Make quickbreads, pancakes, and muffins.DIY some fruit leather.Add it to veggie burgers to moisten them.

　　就把余下的这些果肉吃了，没必要扔掉。把果肉留着，之后加到沙冰或者奶昔里。制作简易小蛋糕、煎饼和松饼。自己动手做自制果泥干。加到蔬菜汉堡里，口感就不会那么干。

1 scraps   

油渣

参考例句：

• Don't litter up the floor with scraps of paper. 不要在地板上乱扔纸屑。
• A patchwork quilt is a good way of using up scraps of material. 做杂拼花布棉被是利用零碎布料的好办法。

2 leftover   

n.剩货，残留物，剩饭；adj.残余的

参考例句：

• These narrow roads are a leftover from the days of horse-drawn carriages.这些小道是从马车时代沿用下来的。
• Wonder if that bakery lets us take leftover home.不知道那家糕饼店会不会让我们把卖剩的带回家。

3 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

4 odds   

n.让步，机率，可能性，比率；胜败优劣之别

参考例句：

• The odds are 5 to 1 that she will win.她获胜的机会是五比一。
• Do you know the odds of winning the lottery once?你知道赢得一次彩票的几率多大吗？

5 savory   

adj.风味极佳的，可口的，味香的

参考例句：

• She placed a huge dish before him of savory steaming meat.她将一大盘热气腾腾、美味可口的肉放在他面前。
• He doesn't have a very savory reputation.他的名誉不太好。

6 leftovers   

n.剩余物，残留物，剩菜

参考例句：

• He can do miracles with a few kitchen leftovers.他能用厨房里几样剩饭做出一顿美餐。
• She made supper from leftovers she had thrown together.她用吃剩的食物拼凑成一顿晚饭。

7 popcorn   

n.爆米花

参考例句：

• I like to eat popcorn when I am watching TV play at home.当我在家观看电视剧时，喜欢吃爆米花。
• He still stood behind his cash register stuffing his mouth with popcorn.他仍站在收银机后，嘴里塞满了爆米花。

8 crumble   

vi.碎裂，崩溃；vt.弄碎，摧毁

参考例句：

• Opposition more or less crumbled away.反对势力差不多都瓦解了。
• Even if the seas go dry and rocks crumble,my will will remain firm.纵然海枯石烂，意志永不动摇。

9 crumbled   

（把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的过去式和过去分词 )； 衰落； 坍塌； 损坏

参考例句：

• He crumbled the bread in his fingers. 他用手指把面包捻碎。
• Our hopes crumbled when the business went bankrupt. 商行破产了，我们的希望也破灭了。

10 texture   

n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理

参考例句：

• We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
• Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。

11 grill   

n.烤架，铁格子，烤肉；v.烧，烤，严加盘问

参考例句：

• Put it under the grill for a minute to brown the top.放在烤架下烤一分钟把上面烤成金黄色。
• I'll grill you some mutton.我来给你烤一些羊肉吃。

12 char   

v.烧焦；使...燃烧成焦炭

参考例句：

• Without a drenching rain,the forest fire will char everything.如果没有一场透地雨，森林大火将烧尽一切。
• The immediate batch will require deodorization to char the protein material to facilitate removal in bleaching.脱臭烧焦的蛋白质原料易在脱色中去除。

13 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

14 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

15 pumpkin   

n.南瓜

参考例句：

• They ate turkey and pumpkin pie.他们吃了火鸡和南瓜馅饼。
• It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!看起来就像南瓜里有人在看着你！

16 acorn   

n.橡实，橡子

参考例句：

• The oak is implicit in the acorn.橡树孕育于橡子之中。
• The tree grew from a small acorn.橡树从一粒小橡子生长而来。

17 savoring   

v.意味，带有…的性质( savor的现在分词 )；给…加调味品；使有风味；品尝

参考例句：

• Cooking was fine but it was the savoring that he enjoyed most. 烹饪当然很好，但他最享受的是闻到的各种味道。 来自互联网
• She sat there for a moment, savoring the smell of the food. 她在那儿坐了一会儿，品尝这些食物的香味。 来自互联网

18 pickle   

n.腌汁，泡菜；v.腌，泡

参考例句：

• Mother used to pickle onions.妈妈过去常腌制洋葱。
• Meat can be preserved in pickle.肉可以保存在卤水里。

19 condiments   

n.调味品

参考例句：

• Refill and clean all salt and peppers, sugar bowls, and other condiments. 清洁并续满所有的胡椒瓶、盐瓶、糖缸及其他调料。
• Go easy on condiments, they tend to be salty. 别放太多调味品，这样往往会太咸。

20 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

21 batch   

n.一批(组，群)；一批生产量

参考例句：

• The first batch of cakes was burnt.第一炉蛋糕烤焦了。
• I have a batch of letters to answer.我有一批信要回复。

22 pickles   

n.腌菜( pickle的名词复数 )；处于困境；遇到麻烦；菜酱

参考例句：

• Most people eat pickles at breakfast. 大多数人早餐吃腌菜。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I want their pickles and wines, and that.' 我要他们的泡菜、美酒和所有其他东西。” 来自英汉文学 - 金银岛

23 cranberry   

n.梅果

参考例句：

• Turkey reminds me of cranberry sauce.火鸡让我想起梅果酱。
• Actually I prefer canned cranberry sauce.事实上我更喜欢罐装的梅果酱。

24 myriad   

adj.无数的；n.无数，极大数量

参考例句：

• They offered no solution for all our myriad problems.对于我们数不清的问题他们束手无策。
• I had three weeks to make a myriad of arrangements.我花了三个星期做大量准备工作。

25 broccoli   

n.绿菜花，花椰菜

参考例句：

• She grew all the broccoli plants from seed.这些花椰菜都是她用种子培育出来的。
• They think broccoli is only green and cauliflower is only white.他们认为西兰花只有绿色的，而菜花都是白色的。

26 blanched   

v.使变白( blanch的过去式 )；使（植物）不见阳光而变白；酸洗（金属）使有光泽；用沸水烫（杏仁等）以便去皮

参考例句：

• The girl blanched with fear when she saw the bear coming. 那女孩见熊（向她）走来，吓得脸都白了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Their faces blanched in terror. 他们的脸因恐惧而吓得发白。 来自《简明英汉词典》

27 grilled   

adj. 烤的, 炙过的, 有格子的 动词grill的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• He was grilled for two hours before the police let him go. 他被严厉盘查了两个小时后，警察才放他走。
• He was grilled until he confessed. 他被严加拷问，直到他承认为止。

28 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

29 pulp   

n.果肉，纸浆；v.化成纸浆，除去...果肉，制成纸浆

参考例句：

• The pulp of this watermelon is too spongy.这西瓜瓤儿太肉了。
• The company manufactures pulp and paper products.这个公司制造纸浆和纸产品。

30 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

31 fiber   

n.纤维，纤维质

参考例句：

• The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
• The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。

32 pulpy   

果肉状的，多汁的，柔软的； 烂糊； 稀烂

参考例句：

• The bean like seeds of this plant, enclosed within a pulpy fruit. 被包在肉质果实内的这种植物的豆样种子。
• Her body felt bruised, her lips pulpy and tender. 她的身体感觉碰伤了，她的嘴唇柔软娇嫩。