自恋分三种 你是哪种呢？

 　　It's more than likely you know someone who's obsessed¹ with their own image.

　　你的交际圈中定然有痴迷于自己形象的人吧。

　　A quick scroll² through social media can reveal the narcissists in a constant stream of selfies; you might even be one.

　　打开社交媒体，轻轻滑动手指，滚滚的自拍照会向你涌来。甚至你本人很可能也是这众多自恋者中的一员。

　　Narcissists think they're better, smarter, and more important than the people around them – and they want to be treated as such, experts say.

　　有关专家说，自恋者通常认为自己比周围人更聪明、更优秀、更重要——他们也希望别人能这样看待他们。

　　A new TEDEd video breaks down the different types of narcissism⁴, from the obvious to the not-so obvious, and explains how these traits almost always take a turn for the dark side.

　　TED教育频道一个最新的视频讲到，自恋者可被划分为几种不同类型，有些人的自恋程度较明显，有些则不太明显。该视频还解释了这种性格特征为什么常常会产生负面效果。

　　自恋分三种 你是哪种呢？

　　Psychologists define narcissism as an 'inflated⁵, grandiose⁶ self-image,' and it has persevered⁷ through the centuries as a personality trait and, in extreme cases, a psychological disorder⁸.

　　心理学家将自恋定义为：“夸张、不切实际的自我形象”。几个世纪以来，人们一直将它看做一种性格特征，在某些极端情况下，它被看成一种心理障碍。

　　Narcissists have a tendency to act selfishly, according to the lesson by W. Keith Campbell, and this can present itself in many different ways.

　　基思·坎贝尔在其讲演中指出，自恋者一般都有点自私，并且这种特点会通过许多不同的方式显现出来。

　　According to the expert, 'it's like a disease where the sufferers feel pretty good, but the people around them suffer.'

　　坎贝尔说，“自恋就像疾病一样，自恋者自我感觉不错，但周围人却因此遭殃。”

　　Political leaders or people of power may make risky⁹ or unethical decisions as a result of narcissism, while narcissistic¹⁰ partners could be unfaithful and dishonest.

　　由于自恋，政治领导者或是有权势的人可能会做一些冒险的或不道德的决定。自恋型的伴侣也可能不忠，易出轨。

　　As a personality trait, narcissism can appear in two forms: grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism.

　　作为一种性格特点，自恋可以分为两种形式：浮夸型自恋和脆弱型自恋。

　　In both forms, however, 'the dark side of narcissism' will ultimately show up over time.

　　然而，自恋的这两种形式，最终都会随着时间的推移，展现出“自恋的黑暗面”。

　　A much more extreme type of narcissism also exists, and it's classified as a psychological disorder.

　　还有一种更为极端的自恋类型，它被看成是一种心理障碍。

　　This is known as narcissistic personality disorder.

　　即我们通常所说的自恋型人格障碍。

　　Research has linked narcissism to genetics, but it's still unknown which genes¹¹ actually contribute to this.

　　已经有研究认为自恋与基因有关，但仍无法得知哪种基因更易导致自恋。

　　Genes, environment, and cultural setting can all have a hand in fostering narcissism.

　　基因、环境、文化背景都可能影响自恋的形成。

　　According to the expert, narcissism has been on the rise in the United States since the 1970s.

　　专家谈到，自20世纪70年代以来，美国的自恋人数一直处于上升态势。

　　And, while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to garner¹² attention and admiration¹³.

　　尽管没有证据表明社交媒体为自恋者提供了滋生的土壤，但它确实为自恋者创造了一个赢得别人注意和赞赏的平台。

　　When a narcissist³'s self-inflated viewpoint is challenged, a person can become aggressive and resentful.

　　当自恋者自我膨胀的观点受到他人质疑时，他可能就会变得咄咄逼人、愤恨不满。

　　It is possible for narcissists to become more altruistic¹⁴, the video explains, and this can be done by enrolling¹⁵ in psychotherapy, or practicing compassion¹⁶.

　　视频解释道，自恋者也有可能变得更无私，但这可能要通过心理治疗或培养同情心的方式得以实现。

　　People who exhibit narcissistic traits can improve their behaviour by reflecting upon their own actions or practicing compassion for others.

　　自恋者通过反思自身行为或培养对他人的同情心，可以改进自己的行为举止。

　　But, becoming less self-absorbed isn't always an easy task, the expert explains.

　　然而专家称，要想降低自己的自恋情结绝非易事。

　　'For narcissists, self-reflection is hard from an unflattering angle.'

　　“对自恋者而言，改变浮夸的想法进行自我反思是有难度的。”

　　WHAT KIND OF NARCISSIST ARE YOU?

　　看看你是哪种自恋类型

　　1. Grandiose narcissists are the most familiar type, the video explains, and these people can be extroverted¹⁷, dominant¹⁸, and attention-seeking.

　　视频讲到，浮夸型自恋者最为常见。这些人性格外向、控制欲强，希望引起别人注意。

　　These types of narcissists will 'pursue attention and power,' often showing up among political and cultural leaders, and celebrities¹⁹.

　　这种自恋者在政治首脑、文化领袖等名人中最为常见，他们“向往别人的注意、追逐权力”。

　　This way of viewing oneself can be nurtured²⁰ by upbringing, especially in situations where parent's put their child on a pedestal.

　　如果父母将孩子视为掌上明珠，在这种成长环境下，就容易培养出这类自恋性格。

　　2. Vulnerable narcissists are more reserved. People with this trait have a strong sense of entitlement, and easily feel threatened or demeaned by the actions of others.

　　脆弱型自恋者可能更为矜持一些。他们的权利意识更强，别人的一个无意之举，可能就会让他们感到自己被威胁或轻视了。

　　Cold, controlling parents can have a hand in fostering this trait, the video explains.

　　视频中说，冷漠、控制欲强的父母更有可能培养出有这种性格特点的孩子。

　　3. Narcissistic personality disorder is a much more extreme form, and is classified as a psychological disorder.

　　自恋型人格障碍是一种更为极端的自恋类型，它被认为是一种心理疾病。

　　This is more common in men, and affects just 1-2 percent of the population.

　　这种自恋类型在男性中更为常见，仅占男性总人口的1%到2%。

　　These people also feel a sense of entitlement, and seek admiration and attention, but in a way that is all-encompassing, the experts explain.

　　专家称，这类人也有一种权利意识，希望得到别人的注意和赞赏，涵盖方方面面。

　　A narcissistic personality disorder can consume a person's life.

　　自恋型人格障碍可能会影响一个人的一生。

　　The video points to the example of a person using their spouse²¹ of children as a means to gain attention, over caring for them.

　　视频中还举了一个例子，讲的是一个自恋者对孩子的配偶过度关心，只是为了赢得他们的注意。

 

1 obsessed   

adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的

参考例句：

• He's obsessed by computers. 他迷上了电脑。
• The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life. 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。

2 scroll   

n.卷轴，纸卷；(石刻上的)漩涡

参考例句：

• As I opened the scroll,a panorama of the Yellow River unfolded.我打开卷轴时，黄河的景象展现在眼前。
• He was presented with a scroll commemorating his achievements.他被授予一幅卷轴，以表彰其所做出的成就。

3 narcissist   

n.自我陶醉者

参考例句：

• Don't get caught in the trap of always trying to please a narcissist. 不要让自己一直陷入讨好自恋者的困境中。 来自互联网

4 narcissism   

n.自我陶醉，自恋

参考例句：

• Those who suffer from narcissism become self-absorbed.自恋的人会变得自私。
• The collective narcissism of the Kerouac circle is ultimately boring.凯鲁亚克和他周围人物的集体自我陶醉欲最终使人厌烦不已。

5 inflated   

adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨

参考例句：

• He has an inflated sense of his own importance. 他自视过高。
• They all seem to take an inflated view of their collective identity. 他们对自己的集体身份似乎都持有一种夸大的看法。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 grandiose   

adj.宏伟的，宏大的，堂皇的，铺张的

参考例句：

• His grandiose manner impressed those who met him for the first time.他那种夸大的举止给第一次遇见他的人留下了深刻的印象。
• As the fog vanished,a grandiose landscape unfolded before the tourists.雾气散去之后，一幅壮丽的景观展现在游客面前。

7 persevered   

v.坚忍，坚持( persevere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She persevered with her violin lessons. 她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。
• Hard as the conditions were, he persevered in his studies. 虽然条件艰苦，但他仍坚持学习。 来自辞典例句

8 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

9 risky   

adj.有风险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• It may be risky but we will chance it anyhow.这可能有危险，但我们无论如何要冒一冒险。
• He is well aware how risky this investment is.他心里对这项投资的风险十分清楚。

10 narcissistic   

adj.自我陶醉的，自恋的，自我崇拜的

参考例句：

• In the modern vocabulary, it was narcissistic. 用时髦话说，这是一种自我陶醉狂。 来自辞典例句
• This is our Nielaoshi, a dwarf has also grown narcissistic teachers. 这就是我们的倪老师，一个长得又矮又自恋的老师。 来自互联网

11 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

12 garner   

v.收藏；取得

参考例句：

• He has garnered extensive support for his proposals.他的提议得到了广泛的支持。
• Squirrels garner nuts for the winter.松鼠为过冬储存松果。

13 admiration   

n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕

参考例句：

• He was lost in admiration of the beauty of the scene.他对风景之美赞不绝口。
• We have a great admiration for the gold medalists.我们对金牌获得者极为敬佩。

14 altruistic   

adj.无私的，为他人着想的

参考例句：

• It is superficial to be altruistic without feeling compassion.无慈悲之心却说利他，是为表面。
• Altruistic spirit should be cultivated by us vigorously.利他的精神是我们应该努力培养的。

15 enrolling   

v.招收( enrol的现在分词 )；吸收；入学；加入；[亦作enrol]( enroll的现在分词 )；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起

参考例句：

• They lashed out at the university enrolling system. 他们猛烈抨击大学的招生制度。 来自辞典例句
• You're enrolling in a country club, Billy. 你是注册加入乡村俱乐部了，比利。 来自辞典例句

16 compassion   

n.同情，怜悯

参考例句：

• He could not help having compassion for the poor creature.他情不自禁地怜悯起那个可怜的人来。
• Her heart was filled with compassion for the motherless children.她对于没有母亲的孩子们充满了怜悯心。

17 extroverted   

a.性格外向的

参考例句：

• Do you think you are introverted or extroverted? 你认为你性格内向还是外向？
• Are you introverted or extroverted? 你个性内向还是外向？ 来自轻松英语会话---联想2000词(上)

18 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

19 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

20 nurtured   

养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 )； 培育； 滋长； 助长

参考例句：

• She is looking fondly at the plants he had nurtured. 她深情地看着他培育的植物。
• Any latter-day Einstein would still be spotted and nurtured. 任何一个未来的爱因斯坦都会被发现并受到培养。

21 spouse   

n.配偶(指夫或妻)

参考例句：

• Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday.她的丈夫星期天要来看她。
• What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage?在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么？