一文看懂英国“脱欧”公投

英国“脱欧”公投将于6月23日举行。“脱欧”公投，指就英国是否脱离欧盟进行的公投。

“脱欧”派认为欧盟拖了英国的后腿，称欧盟强加于企业过多的规定，作为欧盟成员国每年要上缴数十亿英镑的费用，但回报甚微。他们还希望英国能收回对边界的完全控制权，减少到英国工作生活的人，等等。

“留欧”派称，欧盟成员国身份对英国有很大的帮助，如向其他成员国出售商品更加便利，同时移民潮中大部分都是愿意工作的年轻人，有助于促进经济增长，分担公共服务费用等。

虽然英国首相卡梅伦本人反对脱欧，但对他来说，提前举行脱欧公投的决定，最终变成了一个自己无法掌控的进程。

最晚票区结果预计将在当地时间24日早上7点左右（北京时间24日下午2点）出炉。

脱欧

IN NUMBERS： EU referendum

数读英国“脱欧”公投

18: Minimum age citizens must be to vote

18岁：英国公民参加投票的最低年龄限制

?6 million: Maximum amount groups can spend on official referendum campaigns

600万英镑：各种团体可用于正式投票活动的最高数额

1975: Last time Britain had a referendum on the EU (or the 'Common Market' as it was then called)

1975年：英国最近一次“脱欧”公投的时间，以决定是否继续留在欧洲经济共同体。

67%: Percentage of the 1975 electorate¹ who chose to stay in

67%：1975年公投中，支持英国继续留在欧洲共同体的选民比例。

65%: Turnout in 1975 referendum

65%：1975年公投投票率。

?12.9 billion: Amount the UK paid to the EU in 2015 after rebate² taken into account

129亿英镑：2015年英国向欧盟纳税共计129亿英镑（折扣后）。

7: Number of ministers who attend David Cameron's Cabinet meetings who want to leave the EU

7：英国首相卡梅伦内阁中支持脱欧的大臣人数。

150: Number of Conservative MPs expected to back Brexit

150：据估计支持脱欧的保守党议员人数。

2.7 million: Number of people born in another EU country who now live in the UK according to Migration³ Watch

270万：根据“移民观察”组织的数据，生于其他欧盟国家、现居英国的人数。

FAQ：What is the EU referendum?

“脱欧”公投问答：

What does "Brexit" stand for?

"Brexit"（“脱欧”）是什么意思？

The term is a commonly-used abbreviation for British exit from the EU.

"Brexit"是“英国退出欧盟”的简写。

How will it be decided⁴?

如何决定？

The decision hangs on the result of a national referendum, currently being prepared by the government.

根据英国公投结果确定，目前英国政府正为此做准备。

When will the referendum be held?

公投时间？

The referendum will be held on Thursday.

全民公投将在6月23日举行。

What will the question be?

公投问题是什么？

The question will ask: 'Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?'

问题是：“英国应该继续留在欧盟，还是退出欧盟？”

What is the expected result?

结果会怎样？

Most polls show the British public is roughly evenly divided about the country's future in the EU, with a slight bias⁵ towards staying

大多数民调显示，英国公众中，支持脱欧与支持留欧的比例基本持平，支持留在欧盟的比例略微多一点。

Remain or Leave?

观点大PK：

支持留欧：

REMAIN: David Cameron

英国首相卡梅伦

‘Economic security with the EU, or a leap into the dark’

“留在欧盟经济有保障，否则将迈入无尽深渊。”

‘I believe it (leaving the EU) would be needless and reckless – an act of economic and political self-harm’

“我认为脱欧完全没有必要，也很鲁莽。是对政治经济的自损。”

REMAIN: Barack Obama

美国总统奥巴马

‘The EU makes Britain even greater’

“欧盟使英国更强大。”

‘Together, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the European Union have turned centuries of war in Europe into decades of peace, and worked as one to make this world a safer, better place’

“美国、英国、和欧盟其他国家一起，结束了欧洲几百年的战争，迎来了数十年的和平。携手一起，让世界更安全、更美好。”

REMAIN: William Hague

英国前外交大臣威廉-黑格

‘The Leave campaign is really the Donald Trump⁶ campaign with better hair’

“脱欧运动就好像是长了头发的特朗普在主持一样。”

‘This transatlantic mirror-image is completed by the uncannily identical expectations, at least on the part of political pundits⁷ and financial markets, of what the results will be’

“这位大西洋对岸的翻版人物有着完全相同的期待（支持脱欧），不可思议，至少在有关公投会导致的政治权威及金融市场影响方面。”

REMAIN: John McTernan

政治战略评论家约翰-麦克唐纳

‘Turkey deal reveals the EU’s future - Britain should be desperate to be a part of it’

“欧盟土耳其难民协议预示了欧盟的未来，英国应该非常愿意留在欧盟。”

‘A Britain in the EU is open for business – for free trade, free movement of capital, goods and services and free movement of labour. Outside we will have chosen to close ourselves’

“留在欧盟的英国对商业和自由贸易持开放态度，对资本以及商品和服务的自由流动、劳动力的自由流动都敞开了大门。如果脱欧，我们也就选择了封闭自己。”

支持脱欧：

LEAVE: Boris Johnson

前伦敦市长鲍里斯?约翰逊

‘There is only one way to get the change we want’

“我们永远不可能再有下一次机会。”

‘And it is important to remember: it isn’t we in this country who have changed. It is the European Union.’

“要记住，不是英国公民变了，而是欧盟变了，这非常重要。”

LEAVE: Col Richard Kemp

英国政府反恐顾问理查德?坎普上校

‘It is an EU army that could bring about war’

“欧盟军队可能引起战争。”

‘A vote to Remain would embolden⁸ Brussels in the goal of ever-closer union. This will include a European army.... And an EU army would undermine deterrence⁹ and cripple Nato, weakening European defences’

“如果投票留欧，欧盟就会成为更紧密的联盟。有可能会成立欧洲军队……而一支欧盟军队会破坏威慑力，削弱北约，使欧洲防御变弱。”

LEAVE: Allister Heath

评论员亚历斯特?西斯

‘EU red tape is suffocating¹⁰ UK economy and Brexit can set us free’

“欧盟的繁文缛节损害了英国经济，脱欧能让我们重获自由。”

‘As it becomes ever clearer that we won’t be able to reform our economy if we stay in the EU, let us hope that more senior business leaders add their names to such (pro-Brexit) lists’

“现在越来越清楚了，我们留在欧盟就没法进行经济改革，我们希望更多经济大腕支持脱欧。”

LEAVE: Michael Howard

前英国保守党领袖迈克尔?霍华德

‘David Cameron’s reform bid has failed – it’s time to go’

“卡梅伦的改革努力失败了，是时候脱欧了。”

‘The EU’s fundamental flaw is its misconceived attempt to impose rigid¹¹ uniformity on countries as different as Finland and Greece, Portugal and Germany’

“欧盟试图把严格的一致性强加于各个成员国，纯属构想不当的尝试，也是其根本缺点。芬兰、希腊、葡萄牙、德国等等这些国家是完全不同的。”

明星发公开信支持“留欧”

David Beckham

球星大卫-贝克汉姆

"We live in a vibrant¹² and connected world where together as a people we are strong. For our children and their children we should be facing the problems of the world together and not alone," Beckham said in a statement.

小贝在公开信中说：“我们生活在充满活力且联系紧密的世界里。作为人类整体而言我们很强大。为了我们的下一代，我们应该一起面对世界上的难题，而不是孤军奋战。”

"For these reasons I am voting to Remain."

“因此我支持留欧。”

'Harry¹³ Potter' author Rowling

《哈利波特》作者J.K.罗琳

"How can a retreat into selfish and insecure individualism be the right response when Europe faces genuine threats, when the bonds that tie us are so powerful, when we have come so far together?" she wrote.

她写道：“欧洲正面临着真正的威胁，连接我们的纽带如此强大，而且我们一起经历了这么多。这时退回到自私且不安全的个人主义状态怎么会是正确的呢？”

Benedict Cumberbatch

英国著名演员“卷福”

"Britain is not just stronger in Europe, it is more imaginative and more creative," the letter also says. "Our global creative success would be severely¹⁴ weakened by walking away."

“留在欧盟的英国不仅更强大，也更有想象力和创造力。如果脱欧，我们全球创意的成功将大打折扣。”——来自“卷福”及众明星签名发表的公开信

Stephen Hawking¹⁵

科学家史蒂芬-霍金

"First, increased funding has raised greatly the level of European science as a whole and of the UK in particular because we have a competitive edge. Second, we now recruit many of our best researchers from continental¹⁶ Europe, including younger ones who have obtained EU grants and have chosen to move with them here."

“其一，英国具有强大的竞争优势，增加科研资金能够极大地提高欧洲整体的科学水平，尤其是英国的科学水平。其二，英国目前招募的众多顶级研究人员都来自欧洲大陆，包括一些已经获得了欧盟资助的年轻科学家们。”

1 electorate   

n.全体选民；选区

参考例句：

• The government was responsible to the electorate.政府对全体选民负责。
• He has the backing of almost a quarter of the electorate.他得到了几乎1/4选民的支持。

2 rebate   

v./n.折扣，回扣，退款；vt.给...回扣，给...打折扣

参考例句：

• You can claim a rebate on your tax.你可以要求退回部分税款。
• Customers are to benefit from a rebate on their electricity bills.顾客将从他们的电费退费中得到实惠。

3 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

6 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

7 pundits   

n.某一学科的权威，专家( pundit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The pundits disagree on the best way of dealing with the problem. 如何妥善处理这一问题，专家众说纷纭。 来自辞典例句
• That did not stop Chinese pundits from making a fuss over it. 这并没有阻止中国的博学之士对此大惊小怪。 来自互联网

8 embolden   

v.给…壮胆，鼓励

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine,he went over to introduce himself to her.他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• The Prime Minister was steadily emboldened by the discovery that he faced no opposition.发现自己并未遭到反对，首相渐渐有了信心。

9 deterrence   

威慑，制止； 制止物，制止因素； 挽留的事物； 核威慑

参考例句：

• An extreme school of "disarmers" pronounced stable deterrence was a dangerous deception. “裁军论者”中的极端派声称，稳定的威摄是一种危险的骗局。
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。

10 suffocating   

a.使人窒息的

参考例句：

• After a few weeks with her parents, she felt she was suffocating.和父母呆了几个星期后，她感到自己毫无自由。
• That's better. I was suffocating in that cell of a room.这样好些了，我刚才在那个小房间里快闷死了。

11 rigid   

adj.严格的，死板的；刚硬的，僵硬的

参考例句：

• She became as rigid as adamant.她变得如顽石般的固执。
• The examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out.考试很严，几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。

12 vibrant   

adj.震颤的，响亮的，充满活力的，精力充沛的，(色彩)鲜明的

参考例句：

• He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
• She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play.她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。

13 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

14 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

15 hawking   

利用鹰行猎

参考例句：

• He is hawking his goods everywhere. 他在到处兜售他的货物。
• We obtain the event horizon and the Hawking spectrumformula. 得到了黑洞的局部事件视界位置和Hawking温度以及Klein—Gordon粒子的Hawking辐射谱。

16 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。