牛津词典2016年度词：全拜川普和脱欧所赐！

 　　post-truth adjective

　　后真相（形容词）

　　Relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential¹ in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.

　　意指一些特定状况，在那些情况下客观事实对公众意见的影响没有感性诉求产生的影响大；或者表示与这些状况相关。

　　Today, Oxford² Dictionaries announces post-truth as its 2016 international Word of the Year. The Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year is a word or expression chosen to reflect the passing year in language. Every year, the Oxford Dictionaries team reviews candidates for word of the year and then debates their merits, choosing one that captures the ethos, mood, or preoccupations of that particular year.

　　今天，《牛津词典》宣布将“后真相”作为2016世界年度词汇。“牛津词典年度词汇”是一个精选出来的单词或短语，它能以语言形式反映该年特点。《牛津词典》团队每年都会对候选的年度词汇进行评议，然后就词汇价值展开激烈辩论，最后挑选出一个词，这个词要能反映特定年份的社会思潮、情绪或重点关切。

　　牛津词典2016年度词：全拜川普和脱欧所赐！

　　Language research conducted by Oxford Dictionaries editors reveals that use of the word post-truth has increased by approximately 2,000% over its usage in 2015.

　　《牛津词典》编辑们的语言研究结果表明：相比2015年，“后真相”这个词的使用率上升了约2000%。

　　The concept of post-truth has been in existence for the past decade, but Oxford Dictionaries has seen a spike³ in frequency this year in the context of the EU referendum in the United Kingdom and the presidential election in the United States. It has also become associated with a particular noun, in the phrase ‘post-truth politics’.

　　“后真相”这一概念在过去十年中就已存在，但是《牛津词典》发现今年其使用频率飙升，而这种现象之后的背景是英国脱欧公投和美国总统大选。还出现了一个与之相关的特定名词短语——“后真相政治”。

　　‘It’s not surprising that our choice reflects a year dominated by highly-charged political and social discourse,’ says Casper Grathwohl, President of Oxford Dictionaries. ‘Fuelled by the rise of social media as a news source and a growing distrust of facts offered up by the establishment, post-truth as a concept has been finding its linguistic⁴ footing for some time.’

　　《牛津词典》负责人卡斯帕?格拉沃斯说：“果不其然，我们选出的词反映了今年充斥着高度紧张的政治和社会论争。随着社交媒体崛起成为大众消息来源，而传统媒体发布的事实受到越来越多的质疑，后真相这一概念已找到其语言学根基，而且这种现象已经持续一段时间了。”

　　The Word of the Year shortlist

　　候选年度词汇清单

　　adulting, n. [mass noun] informal the practice of behaving in a way characteristic of a responsible adult, especially the accomplishment⁵ of mundane⁶ but necessary tasks.

　　成年人的行事方式：名词【物质名词】，（非正式）像一个负责任的成年人一样行为处事，尤其是完成一些单调但必要的任务。

　　alt-right, n. (in the US) an ideological⁷ grouping associated with extreme conservative or reactionary⁸ viewpoints, characterized by a rejection⁹ of mainstream¹⁰ politics and by the use of online media to disseminate¹¹ deliberately¹² controversial content. Find out more about the word's rise.

　　另类右翼：名词，一个（美国的）持有极端保守或反对变革观点的意识形态组织，主要特点是反对主流政治，通过网络媒体故意散布有争议的内容。

　　Brexiteer, n. British informal a person who is in favour of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union.

　　英国脱欧支持者：名词，（非正式）指支持英国退出欧盟的人。

　　chatbot, n. a computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet.

　　聊天机器人：名词，一个与人类聊天交流的模拟电脑程序，特指在线交流。

　　coulrophobia, n. [mass noun] rare extreme or irrational¹³ fear of clowns.

　　小丑恐惧症：名词【物质名词】，指对小丑这一角色有极端害怕或非理性的恐惧。

　　glass cliff, n. used with reference to a situation in which a woman or member of a minority group ascends¹⁴ to a leadership position in challenging circumstances where the risk of failure is high.

　　玻璃悬崖：名词，指女性或少数族裔在颇具挑战的情形下升到领导层职位，工作过程中遭遇失败的风险较高

　　hygge, n. [mass noun] a quality of cosiness¹⁵ and comfortable conviviality¹⁶ that engenders¹⁷ a feeling of contentment or well-being¹⁸ (regarded as a defining characteristic of Danish culture).

　　舒适惬意：名词【物质名词】一种舒适惬意的快乐状态，能让人产生满足感或幸福感（是丹麦文化的典型特征）。

　　Latinx, n. (plural Latinxs or same) and adj. a person of Latin American origin or descent (used as a gender-neutral or non-binary alternative to Latino or Latina).

　　拉丁裔：名词（复数为Latinxs或原形）、形容词，指拉丁美洲人或有拉丁美洲血统的人（这是一个中性的、无偏见的词，可代替Latino或Latina）。

　　woke, adj. (woker, wokest) US informal alert to injustice¹⁹ in society, especially racism²⁰.

　　唤醒：形容词（比较级为woker，最高级为wokest）（美国，非正式）警示社会中的不公平行为，尤指种族主义

1 influential   

adj.有影响的，有权势的

参考例句：

• He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
• He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

2 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

3 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

4 linguistic   

adj.语言的，语言学的

参考例句：

• She is pursuing her linguistic researches.她在从事语言学的研究。
• The ability to write is a supreme test of linguistic competence.写作能力是对语言能力的最高形式的测试。

5 accomplishment   

n.完成，成就，（pl.）造诣，技能

参考例句：

• The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。
• Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.要实现我们的目标，钱是至关重要的。

6 mundane   

adj.平凡的；尘世的；宇宙的

参考例句：

• I hope I can get an interesting job and not something mundane.我希望我可以得到的是一份有趣的工作，而不是一份平凡无奇的。
• I find it humorous sometimes that even the most mundane occurrences can have an impact on our awareness.我发现生活有时挺诙谐的，即使是最平凡的事情也能影响我们的感知。

7 ideological   

a.意识形态的

参考例句：

• He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
• He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作，对我有很大帮助。

8 reactionary   

n.反动者，反动主义者；adj.反动的，反动主义的，反对改革的

参考例句：

• They forced thousands of peasants into their reactionary armies.他们迫使成千上万的农民参加他们的反动军队。
• The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角，四分五裂。

9 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

10 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

11 disseminate   

v.散布；传播

参考例句：

• We should disseminate science and promote the scientific spirit.普及科学知识，弘扬科学精神。
• We sincerely welcome all countries to disseminate their languages in China.我们真诚地欢迎世界各国来华推广本国语言。

12 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

13 irrational   

adj.无理性的，失去理性的

参考例句：

• After taking the drug she became completely irrational.她在吸毒后变得完全失去了理性。
• There are also signs of irrational exuberance among some investors.在某些投资者中是存在非理性繁荣的征象的。

14 ascends   

v.上升，攀登( ascend的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The azygos vein ascends in the right paravertebral gutter. 奇静脉在右侧脊柱旁沟内上升。 来自辞典例句
• The mortality curve ascends gradually to a plateau at age 65. 死亡曲线逐渐上升，到65岁时成平稳状态。 来自辞典例句

15 cosiness   

n.舒适，安逸

参考例句：

• In the evening a log fire would provide cosiness. 晚上点起篝火会让人感到温暖舒适。 来自柯林斯例句

16 conviviality   

n.欢宴，高兴，欢乐

参考例句：

• Sumptuous food and patriotic music created an atmosphere of elegant conviviality. 佳肴盛馔和爱国乐曲，使气氛十分优雅而欢乐。 来自辞典例句
• Synonymous with freshness, hygiene and conviviality, the individual cream portions are also economical and practical. 独立包装奶不仅仅是新鲜、卫生、欢乐的代名词，同时也是非常经济实用的。 来自互联网

17 engenders   

v.产生（某形势或状况），造成，引起( engender的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Sympathy often engenders love. 同情常常产生爱情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Some people believe poverty engenders crime. 有人认为贫困生罪恶。 来自辞典例句

18 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

19 injustice   

n.非正义，不公正，不公平，侵犯（别人的）权利

参考例句：

• They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
• All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。

20 racism   

n.民族主义；种族歧视(意识)

参考例句：

• He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
• Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。