托福阅读中的逻辑关系

 　　托福阅读文章的长度在700字左右，将这些词汇练习起来的强大内在逻辑使得我们可以分析出哪些内容属于重点的引领性的内容，哪些又是不重要的可以不用浪费时间的内容。但是如果没有英语逻辑的基础，不熟悉托福阅读中的逻辑关系，大家很难根据逻辑来作以上的判断。接下来小编为考生带来托福阅读中的逻辑关系，希望可以帮助到大家。

　　1.托福逻辑关系(否定)

　　明显的否定关系特色词汇

　　--no, not, none, neither, never, deny等

　　隐含的否定关系特色词汇

　　-- fail to, absence from, lack(of), refuse to, little, few

　　I write to my parents every month.

　　I never fail to write to my parents every month.

　　He is little known as an artist.

　　He is not a famous artist

　　否定后缀

　　需注意的三个否定后缀：

　　-less、-free、-proof

　　hatless: not wearing a hat

　　salt-free: without salt

　　a bulletproof car: a car designed not to be harmed by bullets

　　2.托福逻辑关系(因果)

　　because(of), since, for, as, due to, owing to, In that, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result, consequently...

　　We didn't know what to do as we were just visiting there.

　　The delay is owing to the crowded traffic.

　　This book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.

　　3.托福逻辑关系(隐藏)

　　(1)、表示“导致”的词

　　cause, lead to, make，render, stimulate¹, spur, spark, push, motivate, prompt, be responsible to

　　Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.

　　Your action has rendered our contract invalid².

　　(2)、表示“由…而来”的词

　　derive³ from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate⁴ from,

　　His illness resulted from bad food.

　　4.托福逻辑关系(比较——隐藏)

　　a.自身含有最高级含义的词;

　　maximum, favorite, outstanding, top...

　　-The maximum speed of this car is 150 miles per hour

　　b.比较级表示最高级

　　I've never heard a better voice.

　　China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.

　　George did more work than anyone else

　　I like nothing better than swimming.

　　5.托福逻辑关系(条件)

　　表示条件概念的词:

　　if, unless, supposing (that), suppose (that), providing / provided (that), in case, as long as, on condition that

　　1) In case the house burns down, we’ll get the insurance money.

　　2) You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.

　　3) You can borrow the book, on condition that you don’t lend it to anyone else.

　　6.托福逻辑关系(并列或转折)

　　1. 表示并列关系

　　likewise,in (much) the same way,similarly/similar to,vice versa,also/as well as,not only … but also …,both … and …, neither … nor …, like/just like, equally,or/and

　　2.表示转折关系

　　but/yet, however, in contrast (to), conversely, though/although, nevertheless, in spite of/despite, on the contrary, even if/even though, instead (of), different from/differ from, while

　　以上就是小编为考生带来的托福阅读中的逻辑关系，逻辑关系不仅在文章中可以帮助我们判断内容之间的练习，还能在托福阅读的题目解答中帮助我们判断。预祝大家托福考试取得好成绩!

1 stimulate   

vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋

参考例句：

• Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。
• Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

2 invalid   

n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的

参考例句：

• He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
• A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。

3 derive   

v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自

参考例句：

• We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
• We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。

4 initiate   

vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入

参考例句：

• A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
• They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。