托福独立口语任务之家人朋友篇

 　　我们通常把托福的独立口语任务分为四类：人物类、地点类、物品类和事件类，如果考生们想要在独立任务这一项取得good的成绩，就需要对每一类的话题进行练习和总结，分析其规律，归纳解题思路，以应对无论新旧的各种题目。

　　在托福独立任务人物类话题当中，我们可以根据描述人物的类型进行大致的分类，每类人物都具备不同的character, 所以我们的描述方式和答题思路也会有所不同。

　　一、家人

　　在托福口语人物类话题当中，经常会出现这样的题目：

　　In your opinion, what are some of the qualities of agood parent? Use reasons and specific examples to explain why thesecharacteristics are important.

　　题目要求描述一个好家长应该具备的品质，通过brainstorming¹, 我们可以想到以下形容词：

　　amiable² 和蔼可亲的

　　well-educated 受过良好教育的

　　considerate 体贴的

　　reasonable 讲道理的

　　selfless 无私的

　　diligent³ 勤劳的

　　patient 耐心的

　　encouraging 鼓励的

　　想到这些词我们已经有了一个良好的开头，下面就是选择两个或三个你认为比较重要，关键是比较好找到细节支持的品质来进行接下来的回答。根据“TST”结构，我们的topic sentence可以这样回答：

　　In my opinion, encouragement and diligence are twoimportant characteristics a good parent should have.

　　接下来只需要找出支持这两点品质的supporting details, 并且在回答的过程中注意transitional words的添加，我们的任务就完成了。而找到合适有力的supporting details 却不是一个容易的过程。接下来给大家一个sample:

　　First of all, encouragement can do a really useful partin children’s development. For example, when a child is afraid of going to thestage to perform, a good parent will encourage him to get over the fear andgive him a warm hug. The child can get enough courage from this. Also, a goodparent should be diligent. You know, raising a child isn’t an easy job. Soparents should be hard-working to do all the housework and clean up all thechaos created by their babies. Helping⁴ their children to form a good personalityalso costs them a lot of energy.

　　这样的准备过程同样适用于以下话题：

　　Describe a person thatyou admire. Explain why you admire this person. Include details and examples tosupport your response.

　　Describe an elder personthat you respect. This person could be one of your grandparents or neighbors.Explain why you admire this person,and how thisperson influenced you.

　　Describe the person towhom you would like to turn for advice when you are in trouble. And explain whyyou would like to turn to this person for advice?

　　以上话题当中，描述一个令你钦佩的人，你尊敬的一位老人以及当你有困难你会求助的人都可以是你的父母，具备以上关于一个好家长应该具备的品质。而具体哪些品质需要大家灵活地变通一下了。

　　二、朋友

　　In your opinion, what aresome important characteristics of a good friend? Use reasons and specificexamples to explain why these characteristics are important.

　　Which do you think is themost important quality of a strong friendship: loyalty⁵, honestyor sense of humor? Explain why? Please include details and examples in yourresponse.

　　Describe a special friendin your childhood, why he or she is special to you? Include reasons and detailsto support your response.

　　以上的这几个话题要求考生们对朋友所具备的品质和特性有所掌握，当然第二个题目也给出了一些提示：loyal、honest、humorous, 都是描述朋友常用的形容词。除了这些，通过brainstorming我们还可以想到：

　　supportive 支持的

　　kind-hearted 热心的

　　reliable 可靠的

　　sociable⁶ 善交际的

　　creative 有想象力的

　　candid⁷ 直率的

　　caring 关心人的

　　generous 慷慨的

　　sympathetic 有同情心的

　　thoughtful 体贴的

　　因此，我们的topic sentence可以说For me, a good friendshould be supportive and humorous. 或者For me, a true friend ought to bethoughtful and generous. 当然，supportive和humorous可以替换成任何描述朋友的形容词。

　　对于第一个主题句，接下来的supporting details可以这样来发挥：First, friends alwayshave many things in common, in other words, they like to do the same things orhave similar characters. So, it is no surprise that good friends always supportyou when you have to make choices. Even though having different ideas, a goodfriend can understand you and support your choice. Also, a humorous friend canalways brighten you up. If you feel down or upset, it’s lucky to have a friendwho can tell jokes for you or take you to do some funny things.

　　对于第二个主题句，可以用以下的话来支持它：First of all, athoughtful and considerate friend can make you feel safe and comfortable. Whenyou get sick or get hurt when playing sports, you will forget about the painand suffering with the caring from your friends. A thoughtful friend also willconsider your feeling and well-being⁸ when he does or says something in front ofsomeone else. Secondly⁹, a good friend can be very generous when you are introuble or in need. We can see that many successful people got a lot of helpmaterialistically and spiritually from their friend. Thus, a generous friendmay be the key when you are heading for your success.

　　同样，这些关于朋友的特质和细节也可以适用到其他可能跟朋友有关的话题，例如：

　　Describe a person who hada positive impact on you. Explain how this person influenced your life. Givespecific reasons and details to support your explanation.

　　Describe a person whomyou would like to spend time with. Explain why you would like to spend timewith this person. Include reasons and details to support your response.

　　Describe a person whomyou would like to talk with often (this person could be one of your closefriends, family members or teachers). Explain why you’d like to talk with thisperson and what you talk about?

　　描述一个对你产生积极影响的人，一个你喜欢与之共度时间的人，以及一个你愿意与之说话的人，都可以用以上的思路和语言来表达。

1 brainstorming   

献计献策,合力攻关

参考例句：

• With Brainstorming, treat the view on how to solve the problem rightly. 利用脑激励法(Brainstorming)，正确对待学生实验中的问题解决观。
• We are going to do some brainstorming soon. 我们很快就要做些脑力激荡。

2 amiable   

adj.和蔼可亲的，友善的，亲切的

参考例句：

• She was a very kind and amiable old woman.她是个善良和气的老太太。
• We have a very amiable companionship.我们之间存在一种友好的关系。

3 diligent   

adj.勤勉的，勤奋的

参考例句：

• He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
• She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。

4 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

5 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

6 sociable   

adj.好交际的，友好的，合群的

参考例句：

• Roger is a very sociable person.罗杰是个非常好交际的人。
• Some children have more sociable personalities than others.有些孩子比其他孩子更善于交际。

7 candid   

adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的

参考例句：

• I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
• He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。

8 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

9 secondly   

adv.第二，其次

参考例句：

• Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
• Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。