托福口语中常见的四个外来词

 　　在托福口语中，并不单单涉及一些常见的英语单词，一些外来词在托福口语中也经常出现，如果考生不能正确理解这些外来词的含义，对正确答题是有一定影响的。

　　Karaoke 卡拉OK

　　Language of Origin: Japanese

　　来源语：日语

　　About the Word:

　　It comes from the Japanese kara ("empty") + ōke, short for ōkesutora ("orchestra").

　　该词来源语日语的kara(空的)和ōke(“乐团”的缩写)，即“空荡荡的乐团”。

　　Karaoke became popular in Japan among businessmen in the late 1970s, and gained widespread popularity in the U.S. in the late 1980s.

　　上世纪70年代后期，卡拉OK开始在日本商务人士当中流行起来，上世纪80年代后期盛行于美国。

　　Kowtow 屈从、献媚

　　Language of Origin: Chinese

　　来源语：汉语

　　About the Word:

　　It comes from the Chinese kòutóu –kòu ("to knock") plus tóu ("head") –and originally referred to kneeling and touching¹ one's head to the ground as a salute² or act of worship to a revered³ authority.

　　该词来源语汉语里的“叩头”一词，即以双膝跪地、头触地的形式对权重人士表示尊敬。

　　The noun arrived in English in the early 1800s, and within a few decades had taken on the "fawn⁴" or "suck up" verb meaning we use today.

　　该词在19世纪早期被吸纳进英语词汇，后来几十年间，该词在英语中的意思逐渐固定为“巴结、献媚”。

　　Ketchup⁵ 番茄酱

　　Language of Origin: Malay

　　来源语：马来语

　　About the Word:

　　This all-American condiment⁶ started out as a spicy⁷, fermented⁸ fish sauce in Malaysia.

　　如今已成为美国标志性佐料的番茄酱最开始在马来西亚起源时其实是一种带辣味的发酵鱼露。

　　That version, known as kěchap, made its way first to Europe and then to the New World, where tomatoes eventually became the defining ingredient.

　　那种鱼露的名字叫kěchap，最先传到欧洲，然后才到达美洲新大陆，在那里，kěchap的主料逐渐变成了番茄。

　　Elsewhere, ketchup retains an earlier identity. Traditional English ketchup, for example, is a pureed seasoning⁹ based on mushrooms, unripe¹⁰ walnuts¹¹, or oysters¹².

　　在其他国家，番茄酱仍然保留原来的配料。例如，传统的英式番茄酱是由蘑菇、尚未成熟的核桃或牡蛎制成的酱料。

　　Hazard 危险

　　Language of Origin: Arabic

　　来源语：阿拉伯语

　　About the Word:

　　Hazard dates to the time of the Crusaders and involves a game of chance.

　　Hazard一词的来源要追溯到十字军东征时期，与投机游戏有关。

　　According to the most likely theory, the original hazard ("al-zahr," in Arabic) was a die. Players would roll the dice¹³ and bet on the outcome.

　　可能性最高的一种说法是，hazard最开始其实就是个骰子。玩家通过掷骰子、猜点数来赌输赢。

　　English got the word from French. In English, hazard eventually came to name any chance, risk, or source of danger.

　　英语中的hazard一词来源于法语，指机遇、风险或危险的源头。

1 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

2 salute   

vi.行礼，致意，问候，放礼炮；vt.向…致意，迎接，赞扬；n.招呼，敬礼，礼炮

参考例句：

• Merchant ships salute each other by dipping the flag.商船互相点旗致敬。
• The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome.这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。

3 revered   

v.崇敬，尊崇，敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例，现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句

4 fawn   

n.未满周岁的小鹿；v.巴结，奉承

参考例句：

• A fawn behind the tree looked at us curiously.树后面一只小鹿好奇地看着我们。
• He said you fawn on the manager in order to get a promotion.他说你为了获得提拔，拍经理的马屁。

5 ketchup   

n.蕃茄酱，蕃茄沙司

参考例句：

• There's a spot of ketchup on the tablecloth.桌布上有一点番茄酱的渍斑。
• Could I have some ketchup and napkins,please?请给我一些番茄酱和纸手巾？

6 condiment   

n.调味品

参考例句：

• It has long been a precious condiment.它一直都是一种珍贵的调味料。
• Fish sauce is a traditional fermented condiment in coastal areas.鱼露是沿海地区的传统发酵调味品。

7 spicy   

adj.加香料的；辛辣的，有风味的

参考例句：

• The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
• Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。

8 fermented   

v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰

参考例句：

• When wine is fermented, it gives off gas. 酒发酵时发出气泡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His speeches fermented trouble among the workers. 他的演讲在工人中引起骚动。 来自辞典例句

9 seasoning   

n.调味；调味料；增添趣味之物

参考例句：

• Salt is the most common seasoning.盐是最常用的调味品。
• This sauce uses mushroom as its seasoning.这酱油用蘑菇作调料。

10 unripe   

adj.未成熟的；n.未成熟

参考例句：

• I was only ill once and that came of eating an unripe pear.我唯一一次生病是因为吃了未熟的梨。
• Half of the apples are unripe.一半的苹果不熟。

11 walnuts   

胡桃（树）( walnut的名词复数 )； 胡桃木

参考例句：

• Are there walnuts in this sauce? 这沙司里面有核桃吗？
• We ate eggs and bacon, pickled walnuts and cheese. 我们吃鸡蛋，火腿，腌胡桃仁和干酪。

12 oysters   

牡蛎( oyster的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• We don't have oysters tonight, but the crayfish are very good. 我们今晚没有牡蛎供应。但小龙虾是非常好。
• She carried a piping hot grill of oysters and bacon. 她端出一盘滚烫的烤牡蛎和咸肉。

13 dice   

n.骰子；vt.把（食物）切成小方块，冒险

参考例句：

• They were playing dice.他们在玩掷骰子游戏。
• A dice is a cube.骰子是立方体。