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托福语法辅导:复词及真题解题要点

时间:2016-05-31 13:37来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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 托福考试复词及真题解题要点:副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。

副词是TOEEL测试中非常活跃的词类。它与形容词一样,是词类变化题型必考的词性。一般说来,有关副词的题目并不很难。绝大部分考的是副词词性的判断。题型主要有下述几项:(1)副词与形容词混淆(详见本忆要点之[词类变化])(2)否定副词Not 的用法、(3)易混淆的副词。
副词常考题型及解题要点
1 副词与形容词的功能区别:形容词修饰名词;副词修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分
[例1] The ordeal1 of the Cherokee Indians, who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830*s, is remembered as the *Tears*. (91.10)
[答案] B 修饰动词moved应用副词forcibly。
[例2] Although the United States experienced rapidly growth in the first half of the nincieenth century, it was still predominately concerned with agriculture and forestry2. (93.10)
[答案] A 修饰名词growth应用形容词rapid,而不用副词rapidly。 此题是TOEEL常考类型题。请注意以- ly后缀构成的副词通常是命题焦点。
2. 否定词not与形容词no的区别
解题要点: 区分副词not和形容词no的命题是TOEEL常考的题型,主要分布在structure (1-15题)中。当not或no出现在选择答案中,应首先判断它所修饰的中心词的词性以决定选哪一个否定词。
全真例分析
(1) Since Alaska attained3 statehood in 1959------- single party has dominated politics there.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) never (94.1)
[答案] B 修饰中心名词party应用形容词no,而非副词not。
(2) ------- social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of the United States.
(A) No
(B) Nothing
(C) Not
(D) None (91.10)
[答案] 修饰主语名词crusade 应用形容词no. 而非副词not。
(3) ------- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground, some of it is lost through evaporation4.
(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None (91.8)
[答案] B 修饰形容词all应用否定副词not。Not all (不是所有的)是固定短语搭配,表示的是部分否定,not all = sosme。
(4) The mechanism5 by which brain cells store memories is ------- clearly understood.
(A) none
(B) no
(C) not
(D) nor (90.5)
[答案] C 否定系词is,应用副词not。
(5) Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933. When Frances Perkins became secretary of labor6. (89.1)
[答案] A Not 改为No.
3. 辨别词形相近的副词和形容词
hare (努力、副词)- hardly (几乎不、副词)
close (接近、形容词)- closely (接近、副词)
near (接近、形容词)- nearly (几乎、副词)
most (大多数的、形容词)-mostly(主要地、副词)
late (迟、晚、形容词)-lately(最近、副词)
全真例题分析
(1) Chief Joseph Flesche. A vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation a proud and progressive one. (93.1)
[答案] B hardly (几乎不)改为hard(努力)。
(2) Glaciers7 that develop nearly the North and South Poles advance into the sea. Break into pieces, and become icebergs8. (90.8)
[答案] B 副词nearly意思是“几乎”。此句应改为near(接近)。
(3) Those electrons most closely to the nucleus9 are held electromagnetic force. (92.1)
[答案] B most closely 改为most close。

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1 ordeal B4Pzs     
n.苦难经历,(尤指对品格、耐力的)严峻考验
参考例句:
  • She managed to keep her sanity throughout the ordeal.在那场磨难中她始终保持神志正常。
  • Being lost in the wilderness for a week was an ordeal for me.在荒野里迷路一星期对我来说真是一场磨难。
2 forestry 8iBxk     
n.森林学;林业
参考例句:
  • At present, the Chinese forestry is being at a significant transforming period. 当前, 我国的林业正处于一个重大的转折时期。
  • Anhua is one of the key forestry counties in Hunan province. 安化县是湖南省重点林区县之一。
3 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
4 evaporation Pnoxc     
n.蒸发,消失
参考例句:
  • Be careful not to lose too much liquid by evaporation.小心不要因蒸发失去太多水分。
  • Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体能出汗,由此可以蒸发散热。
5 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
6 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
7 glaciers e815ddf266946d55974cdc5579cbd89b     
冰河,冰川( glacier的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
  • It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川,又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分(高一)
8 icebergs 71cdbb120fe8de8e449c16eaeca8d8a8     
n.冰山,流冰( iceberg的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The icebergs towered above them. 冰山高耸于他们上方。 来自辞典例句
9 nucleus avSyg     
n.核,核心,原子核
参考例句:
  • These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
  • These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
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