托福阅读细节题详解

 托福阅读中的细节题是出镜率相当高的题型之一，此外，在非托福的各种考试中，学生也常常会遇到这类题，所以掌握细节题的题型分类和解题技巧对于应对考试和考学来说都是非常重要能力。

　　首先我们需要明白，细节题主要考察的是我们的什么能力?细节题主要是指通过题干或选项信息，回归到原文寻找最佳答案。在回到原文之前，我们首先得要确定好用于定位原文信息的关键词。所以细节题主要考察的是我们确定关键词，以及回归原位定位信息的能力。

　　首先我们可以将细节题分成两大类型：题干明示类和选项定位类。

　　第一类，题干明示类。顾名思义，题干明示类题型的意思就是可以通过题干，找到关键词，回到原文定位，例如：

　　A routine¹ vaudeville² show usually began with a silly act, such as acrobats³ or trick bicyclists. This allow audience members to arrive late and find their seats. The show peaked in the middle with the “headliner”. This act was usually the best in the show. The show would conclude with a “chaser” act. This act was considered good enough to feature but dull enough to make audiences leave the theater.

　　According to paragraph 2, why did a vaudeville show usually start off with a silly act?

　　A. Because the audience needed time to arrive and find their seats.

　　B. Because the audience preferred to begin with silly acts.

　　C. Because silly acts got the audience ready for serious ones.

　　D. Because that was the only type of act the theater owner could find.

　　通读题干，可以找出其中的关键词silly act回到原文定位，并明确要找的答案是以silly act开始的原因。这样便能找到第一句中的silly act，以及后一句中的This allow audience members to arrive late and find their seats.所以便能确定答案为A选项。

　　第二类，选项定位类。选项定位类的题就是说在题干中找不到任何关键词，所以只能靠选项中的关键词一个一个回原文定位。例如：

　　Asia is the largest land mass on Earth. It contains one-third of the world’s land. Much of the land is uninhabited. But Asia holds more than 60% of the world’s people. It has 48 different countries, including China and India. They are the most populous⁴ countries in the world. Asia is also the birthplace of the world’s five major religions. They are Hinduism, Buddhism⁵, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

　　Which of the following is true of Asia?

　　A. It is the largest continent on Earth.

　　B. One-third of the world’s population lives there.

　　C. It takes up 60% of the world’s land mass

　　D. It is the home of 48 different religions.

　　读完题干，发现题干里没有任何有用的关键词，所以只能靠选项一个一个地回原文定位。选项A中，关键词确定为largest continent，回到原文第一句判断，选项A正确。选项B中，关键词确定为One-third和population，回到原文第二句和第四句，发现两句信息中细节混淆了，所以选项B错误。选项C中，关键词确定为60%和land mass，回到原文第一句和第四句，发现这两句话中的细节也混淆了，所以选项C也错。选项D中，关键词确定为48和religions，回到原文第五句和第七句，发现这两句话中的细节也混淆了，所以选项D也错。

　　这两大类细节题只能大致涵盖细节题中所涉及的类型，要想全面把握细节题，还需要考生多花时间做题，好好积累，把握题目的特点，才能最终取得理想的成绩。

1 routine   

n.例行公事，惯例；adj.例行的，常规的

参考例句：

• It is everyday routine.这是每天的例行公事。
• She found the hospital routine slightly dull.她感到医院的工作有点枯燥乏味。

2 vaudeville   

n.歌舞杂耍表演

参考例句：

• The standard length of a vaudeville act was 12 minutes.一个杂耍节目的标准长度是12分钟。
• The mayor talk like a vaudeville comedian in his public address.在公共演讲中，这位市长讲起话来像个歌舞杂耍演员。

3 acrobats   

n.杂技演员( acrobat的名词复数 )；立场观点善变的人，主张、政见等变化无常的人

参考例句：

• I was always fascinated by the acrobats at the circus. 我总是着迷于马戏团里的杂技演员。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The acrobats' performance drew forth applause from the audience. 杂技演员的表演博得了观众的掌声。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 populous   

adj.人口稠密的，人口众多的

参考例句：

• London is the most populous area of Britain.伦敦是英国人口最稠密的地区。
• China is the most populous developing country in the world.中国是世界上人口最多的发展中国家。

5 Buddhism   

n.佛教（教义）

参考例句：

• Buddhism was introduced into China about 67 AD.佛教是在公元67年左右传入中国的。
• Many people willingly converted to Buddhism.很多人情愿皈依佛教。