托福阅读备考之长难句分析：创造雅典民主

 　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of weakening family and clan¹ structures, especially among the aristocrats³, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic⁴ and most religious life in Athens. (TPO40, 51)

　　democracy /d?'m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度

　　clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集团，帮会

　　aristocrat² /'?r?st?kr?t/ n. 贵族

　　civic /'s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的

　　大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) (TPO40, 51)

　　托福阅读长难句100句分析：

　　这个句子的结构是：

　　Cleisthenes' principal contribution was 非谓语 and 非谓语

　　第一个非谓语：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)

　　第二个非谓语：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes)

　　修饰一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介词短语

　　中文：在雅典创造民主

　　修饰二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非谓语动词

　　中文：完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程

　　修饰三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介词短语

　　中文：尤其是在贵族间

　　修饰四：(to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes) ，非谓语动词

　　中文：在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体

　　修饰五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，从句

　　中文：这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

　　托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：

　　Cleisthenes对于创造雅典民主的主要贡献是他完成了减弱家族和宗族结构(尤其是贵族家族和宗族结构)的长期的过程，并且在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体，这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。

　　这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句、介词短语和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

1 clan   

n.氏族，部落，宗族，家族，宗派

参考例句：

• She ranks as my junior in the clan.她的辈分比我小。
• The Chinese Christians,therefore,practically excommunicate themselves from their own clan.所以，中国的基督徒简直是被逐出了自己的家族了。

2 aristocrat   

n.贵族，有贵族气派的人，上层人物

参考例句：

• He was the quintessential english aristocrat.他是典型的英国贵族。
• He is an aristocrat to the very marrow of his bones.他是一个道道地地的贵族。

3 aristocrats   

n.贵族( aristocrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many aristocrats were killed in the French Revolution. 许多贵族在法国大革命中被处死。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• To the Guillotine all aristocrats! 把全部贵族都送上断头台！ 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

4 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。