托福写作范文：关于环境的破坏

 　　托福写作一直是难以提高的部分，尤其短期内的冲刺更是充满挑战。这一过程中，对于托福范文的仿写、分析十分重要，下面新东方网留学频道就为大家分享由孟炎老师为大家带来的范文精析。今天讨论的主要议题是环境破坏。

　　Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

　　While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted¹ and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.

　　First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build

　　houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity², they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge³ of extinction⁴. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited⁵ natural resources and use them in a wasteful⁶ manner, bringing about great losses.

　　Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

　　Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

　　In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate⁷ the Earth.

　　原文来源：哈佛20篇

　　托福范文解析

　　While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth. Natural resources are being depleted and pollution is being created as a result of development of technology. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion to populate more people.

　　While the past few centuries have witnessed increasingly better quality of human life, (while引导词，表对比关系;主语是the past few centuries，要学会物化主语;这句话可以直接背下来套用在科技+政府+社会等话题开头段，“尽管过去的几个世纪见证了人们生活水平的不断提高)human activity is doing more and more harm to the Earth.

　　2. Natural resources are being depleted(耗尽) and pollution is being created as a result of(由于=as a consequence of= due to=owing to) development of technology.

　　3. Natural areas are being damaged as a result of urban expansion(城市扩张) to populate more people.

　　First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources. If we fell too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees before they grow to maturity, they can hardly grow back in time. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. With improved technology and greater drive for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted, reducing the biomass of some fish to the verge of extinction. Whaling seems a most irksome issue. While most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes. We often take it for granted that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner, bringing about great losses.

　　1. First, we harm the Earth by using more and more natural resources.

　　主题句1：利用自然资源-->破坏地球

　　2. If we fell(砍伐树木，fell trees=cut down trees) too many trees at one time to build houses and make paper, or if we cut down trees(砍伐树木)before they grow to maturity(n.成熟), they can hardly grow back in time(及时).

　　自然资源1 - 破坏森林资源

　　3. As worrisome as overcutting of trees is overfishing. (as+adj+as A is B“和A一样adj的是B)

　　“和过度砍伐树木一样令人担忧的是过度捕捞”

　　4. With improved technology and greater drive(动机=motive=motivation)for money, fish of all kinds are being over hunted(过度捕猎), reducing thebiomass(生物量) of some fish to the verge of extinction.(reduce the biomass of sth to the verge of extinction将...的数量减少到灭绝边缘)

　　5. Whaling(捕鲸) seems a most irksome(令人厌烦的=troublesome=worrisome) issue.

　　6. While(引导词“尽管”，表对比关系) most countries argue against it, some countries go whaling to extremes(go sth to extremes 做某事过火).

　　自然资源2 - 过度捕捞

　　7. We often take it for granted(take sth for granted把某事认为是理所当然的) that we have unlimited natural resources and use them in a wasteful manner,bringing about(带来) great losses.

　　结论1

　　Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms. Factories pollute water and the air. Vehicles pollute the air. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in polluting the air, especially when we dispose of related waste carelessly. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

　　1. Second, we damage the Earth by producing pollution in all forms.

　　主题句2：产生各种形式的污染-->破坏地球

　　2. Factories pollute water and the air.

　　污染形式1 - 工厂

　　3. Vehicles pollute the air.

　　污染形式2 - 汽车

　　4. Nuclear-related and electronic products are playing an increasingly big role in(在...中扮演越来越重要的角色) polluting the air, especially when wedispose of(处理) related waste carelessly.

　　污染形式3-核相关的和电子产品

　　5. We take it for granted that Nature can help clean everything, but it can not.

　　结论2-注意参考上一段结尾句

　　Third, expanding towns and cities are taking up more and more land. As populations flood to cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

　　1. Third, expanding towns and cities(doing做主语，扩大城镇) are taking up(占据) more and more land.

　　主题句3：城镇扩张-->破坏地球

　　2. As populations flood to(涌入) cities, new houses and stores have to be built to accommodate their needs(迎合他们的需求).

　　解释句1： 人口增加-->建造更多住房和商店

　　3. Land that was good for farming has now become factories and apartment buildings.

　　解释句2：农业用地-->变成工厂和公寓

　　4. We seem to take it for granted that we have unlimited land, but we do not.

　　结论3-注意参考前两段结尾句

　　In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of the Earth in various ways. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate the Earth.

　　1. In summary, human activity seems to be going at the expense of(以...为代价) the Earth in various ways.

　　2. However, our survival depends on the Earth, including natural areas and natural resources, so we have to venerate(尊敬) the Earth.

1 depleted   

adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Food supplies were severely depleted. 食物供应已严重不足。
• Both teams were severely depleted by injuries. 两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。

2 maturity   

n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期

参考例句：

• These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。
• This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。

3 verge   

n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。

4 extinction   

n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种

参考例句：

• The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
• The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。

5 unlimited   

adj.无限的，不受控制的，无条件的

参考例句：

• They flew over the unlimited reaches of the Arctic.他们飞过了茫茫无边的北极上空。
• There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。

6 wasteful   

adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的

参考例句：

• It is a shame to be so wasteful.这样浪费太可惜了。
• Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.为避免重复劳动浪费资源，任务已经重新分派。

7 venerate   

v.尊敬，崇敬，崇拜

参考例句：

• They came to venerate him as a symbolic figure.他们把他当作偶像来崇拜。
• We were taught to venerate the glorious example of our heroes and martyrs.我们受到教导要崇敬英雄、烈士的光辉榜样。