托福阅读：句子简化题中的意群指代和逻辑

 　　托福阅读中的句子简化题通常是让同学们一头包的题型，原句一般语义晦涩而且句式结构复杂。同时，同学们匹配答案选项的时候一般会仔细完全研读四个选项，选项看上去都“好像差不多”。长难句中复杂的意群很容易迷惑同学们去注重语义分析而不注意句法逻辑本身，今天我们就借用一道TPO真题来分析如何简化句中的复杂意群同时勾勒原句逻辑，迅速通过逻辑检验排除错误选项。

　　The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering¹ population due to the abundance of resources.

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　O The resources needed by the growing hunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

　　O Dramatic temperature increases andthe simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources.

　　O Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.

　　O The dramatic temperature increase occurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.

　　STEP 1: 先分析逻辑标识：allow for 表示允许，导致;due to 表示因为。

　　STEP 2: 意群简化 “The temperature…centuries”用A指代，”a growth …population”用B指代, ”the abundance of resources”用C指代。

　　STEP 3:原句简化为A allowing for B due to C (A 导致B且B因为C, 即A→B & C→B)

　　STEP 4: 归纳得出B为最后的结果，即 growth of population 为最后结果。

　　选项分析：

　　A. The resources (needed by the growing hunting and gatheringpopulation) increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

　　错误：括号内为后置定语可以忽略，主干表示一旦气温上升物资增加。并没有提到我们需要的结论(人口增加)。

　　B. Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need for more resources.

　　错误：led to 表示导致，B选项的结论为the need for more resources (对于物资需求增加)，与原句的结论(人口增加)不符。

　　C. Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources,thus enabling the hunting and gathering population to grow.

　　正确：本句逻辑为A→C→B, 的确B为结果(人口增加为结果)，合理构造了A→C的关系。

　　D：The dramatic temperature increase occurredduring the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.

　　错误：迷惑性非常强。我们看这句：Mysister was having a burger when I came home. When 表示主句和从句发生的同时性，主从句并没有直接因果关系。所以D选项逻辑为 A When C→B (A和C→B同时发生)，但原句明显有A→B的逻辑，选项D中忽视。

1 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。