比较过去时与现在完成时

 　　1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

　　2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

　　一般过去时的时间状语:

　　yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

　　共同的时间状语:

　　this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already¹, recently，lately

　　现在完成时的时间状语

　　for, since², so far, ever³, never, just, yet,till / until⁴, up to now, in past years, always,

　　不确定的时间状语

　　3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

　　过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die⁵, finish, become, get married⁶等。

　　举例：

　　I saw⁷ this film yesterday.

　　（强调看的动作发生过了。）

　　I have seen⁸ this film.

　　（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

　　Why did⁹ you get up so early?

　　（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

　　Who hasn't handed in his paper?

　　（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

　　She has returned¹⁰ from Paris.

　　她已从巴黎回来了。

　　She returned yesterday.

　　她是昨天回来了。

　　He has been in the League¹¹ for three years.

　　(在团内的状态可延续)

　　He has been a League member for three years.

　　(是团员的状态可持续)

　　He joined the League three years ago.

　　( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

　　I have finished¹² my homework now.

　　---Will somebody¹³ go and get Dr¹⁴. White?

　　---He's already been sent for.

　　句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

　　（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

　　（对）Tom wrote¹⁵ a letter to his parents last night.

1 already   

adv.已经

参考例句：

• We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
• I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了，所以我不想再去了。

2 since   

adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从

参考例句：

• He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
• I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。

3 ever   

adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
• I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。

4 until   

prep.直到...为止；conj.直到...时才...

参考例句：

• He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
• She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。

5 die   

v.死；死亡

参考例句：

• Flowers will die without water.没有水，花就会枯死。
• We shall die some day.我们总有一天要弃世而去。

6 married   

adj.已婚的；与…结婚的

参考例句：

• I heard John got married.我听说约翰结婚了。
• They got married last autumn.他们在去年秋季结婚。

7 saw   

vbl.看见(see的过去式)；n.锯；v.用锯子锯

参考例句：

• Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗？
• The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你，就知道你在生我的气。

8 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

9 did   

v.动词do的过去式

参考例句：

• How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
• Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？

10 returned   

adj.被送回的，归来的v.返回，回来( return的过去式和过去分词 )；恢复；还；归还

参考例句：

• He resigned as Home Secretary and returned to the back benches. 他辞去了内政大臣的职务，回到后座议员席。
• The painting has been returned to its rightful owner . 这幅画已归还给合法所有权人。

11 league   

n.同盟，联盟，社团，联合会

参考例句：

• I'll never forget the day when I joined the Youth League.我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
• Half of the students in our class are League members.我们班有一半学生是团员。

12 finished   

adj.完成的，精湛的；v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
• We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。

13 somebody   

n.重要人物；pron.某人，有人

参考例句：

• Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
• He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。

14 Dr   

n.医生，大夫；博士(缩)（= Doctor）

参考例句：

• Dr.Williams instructs us in botany.威廉博士教我们植物学。
• The ward of the hospital is in the charge of Dr.Green.医院的这间病房由格林医生负责。

15 wrote   

v.（write的过去式）写

参考例句：

• She wrote the music and he wrote the book.她作曲子，他写歌词。
• He wrote back that he was too busy to join us.他回信说他太忙不能参加我们的活动。