过去完成时的用法

 　　(1) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如：

　　He had¹ learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。

　　He had written three stories by last year. 到去年他已经写了三篇故事。

　　We had cleaned the room when he got³ there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。

　　He went there after he had finished⁴ his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。

　　注意：当主句跟由before, after, as² soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。

　　He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。

　　(2) 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：

　　He said⁵ he had been a soldier⁶. 他说他当过兵。

　　They said they had seen⁷ the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。

　　(3) 在hardly⁸ / scarcely⁹ …when…, no sooner…than… 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：

　　Hardly had I told her the news¹⁰ when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。

　　Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。

　　No sooner had he fallen asleep¹¹ than he lay¹² down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。

　　(4) 动词expect¹³, hope¹⁴, suppose¹⁵, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：

　　I had hoped¹⁶ to see you. 我本希望来看你。

　　He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。

1 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

2 as   

conj.按照；如同

参考例句：

• He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
• In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。

3 got   

v.(get的过去式)得到，猜到，明白

参考例句：

• I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
• I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。

4 finished   

adj.完成的，精湛的；v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
• We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。

5 said   

v.动词say的过去式、过去分词

参考例句：

• He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
• He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。

6 soldier   

n.士兵，战士

参考例句：

• He is a good soldier.他是个好战士。
• He is a brave soldier.他是一个勇敢的士兵。

7 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

8 hardly   

adv.几乎没有，刚刚，几乎不，勉强是

参考例句：

• I could hardly believe my eyes.我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
• The hens hardly laid any eggs in summer.母鸡夏天几乎不下蛋。

9 scarcely   

adv.几乎不，简直没有，勉强

参考例句：

• He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味，简直无法忍受。
• She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。

10 news   

n.新闻，消息

参考例句：

• No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
• I like reading hot news.我喜欢读热点新闻。

11 asleep   

adj.睡熟了的，麻木的；adv.熟睡地

参考例句：

• The baby seems to be asleep.那婴孩好像是睡着了。
• My right foot is asleep.我的右脚麻木了。

12 lay   

（lie的过去式和过去分词）；vt.击，放置，产卵，使平静，打赌，压平，设计；vi.生蛋，打赌，全力以赴；n.隐蔽处，计划，价格，生蛋，叙事诗，诗歌；adj.世俗的，外行的

参考例句：

• Please lay the knife on the dish.请把刀放在盘子上。
• All birds lay eggs.鸟都下蛋。

13 expect   

vt.预期，期待，料想

参考例句：

• Don't expect me to run after you all your life.别指望我伺候你一辈子。
• Don't expect too much of his idea.不要对他的主意期望过高。

14 hope   

vt.希望，期望；vi.希望，期待；n.希望，期望

参考例句：

• We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
• Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。

15 suppose   

v.料想，猜测；假定，以为；（祈使句）让，设

参考例句：

• I suppose he will be back by eight o'clock.我想他八点钟以前会回来。
• Suppose he can't come,who will do the work?如果他不能前来，谁来做这项工作呢？

16 hoped   

v.希望，期望( hope的过去式和过去分词 )；[俚语]相信，认为；希望，盼望，期待

参考例句：

• He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。
• They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他们希望寻求公众协助破案。