替代词易错题

 　　it， that， one， those均可用来替代前面的名词，以避免重复，其用法如下：

　　一、it和that都替代"the+单数名词（可数或不可数）"，都是特指，但it指前面提到的"同一"事物，而that是指前面提到的"同类"事物。如：

　　1. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in. （全国卷）

　　A. they   B. it   C. one  D. which

　　「分析」答案选B.it替代"the + house"，指的就是前面提到的the Parkers所买的那座新房子。

　　2. Few pleasures can equal¹ ________ of a cool drink on a hot day. （全国卷）

　　A. some   B. any   C. that     D. those

　　「分析」答案选C.that替代the pleasure，指与前面提到的同属"快乐的事".

　　二、one替代"a＋单数可数名词"，表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that；the one复数形式the ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one（s），如the red one.one（s）， the one（s）， those， that都是替代"同类"事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如：

　　1. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ________ from some wood we had. （广西卷）

　　A. it      B. one      C. himself      D. another

　　「分析」答案选B.one替代"a cupboard".

　　2. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable² moment，________I will always treasure³. （全国卷）

　　A. that       B. one   C. it        D. what

　　「分析」答案选B.one替代"a moment"，作an unforgettable moment的同位语。后面接的是它的定语从句。又如Cook was a strict but good captain，one who took good care of the sailors⁴ on his ship.

　　3. -Why don't we take a little break？

　　-Didn't we just have ________ ？ （全国卷）

　　A. it     B. that     C. one           D. this

　　「分析」答案选C.one替代a break.

　　4. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks⁵ to all the pupils except ________ who had already taken them. （全国卷）

　　A. the ones   B. ones C. some   D. the others

　　「分析」答案选A.后面的定语从句是特指，the ones替代the pupils.此处也可用those.

　　再试试以下的高考题例：

　　1. （07四川） Little joy⁶ can equal ____ of a surprising ending when you read stories.

　　A that    B those    C any     D some

　　2. （07陕西） -There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____？

　　-No， I'd rather buy ____ in the bookstore.

　　A it， one    B one， one    C one， it     D it， it

　　3. （07辽宁） The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly⁷ than ____ in the newspaper.

　　A it    B those    C one   D that

　　答案：

　　1、A.that替代joy，属于不可数性的名词，只能用that.

　　2、A.第一空it代替the book，是同一本书。第二空代替books的任何一本，等同于a book，所以用one.

　　3、D.that代替不可数名词information.

1 equal   

adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的；vt.等于；比得上

参考例句：

• Men and women enjoy equal pay for equal work.男女同工同酬。
• Women in our country enjoy equal rights with men.在我国妇女享有同男子平等的权利。

2 unforgettable   

adj.难忘的

参考例句：

• The trip had been unforgettable experience for both of us.那趟旅行是我们两人难以忘怀的经历。
• He created many unforgettable characters in his novels.他在他的小说中创造了很多令人难忘的人物。

3 treasure   

n.宝物，财富；vt.珍爱，重视，密藏

参考例句：

• They went to the island to hunt the buried treasure.他们到岛上去寻找埋藏的宝物。
• I certainly treasure the friendship between us very much.我当然非常珍视我们之间的友谊。

4 sailors   

n.水手，海员( sailor的名词复数 )；驾船人

参考例句：

• Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly. 水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The shipwrecked sailors were picked up by a passing boat. 一艘过路的船只搭救了遭受船难的水手。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 textbooks   

n.教科书，课本( textbook的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The library didn't stock zoology textbooks. 这家图书馆没有动物学教科书。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Textbooks sometimes have glossaries at the end. 教科书有时在书末附有词汇表。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 joy   

n.欢喜，乐事，高兴；vt.使快乐，令人高兴；vi.欢喜

参考例句：

• To my great joy,my lost watch was found.使我极为高兴的是我丢失的手表找到了。
• It is very difficult to describe my joy in words.我的快乐难以用语言来形容。

7 rapidly   

adv.快地，迅速地

参考例句：

• The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司近五年来迅速地发展壮大。
• Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.天气炎热的时候，冰很快就化为水。