英语分类词汇：进出口贸易

 　　贸易是指国家之间或地区之间进行的货物交易。一笔贸易的完成需要经历许多步骤。其中贸易洽谈就包括询盘、发盘、还盘、接受等过程。洽谈成功后货物的发送、贷款的支付也是一个复杂烦琐的过程。对贸易术语的准确掌握有助于贸易的顺利完成。

　　常见的贸易术语有：

　　贸易顺差、贸易逆差;

　　询盘、发盘、还盘;

　　贸易许可证;

　　索赔、理赔;

　　CIF，CFR，CPT等等。

　　贸易是经济全球化环境下最常见的经济现象，几乎没有一个国家的经济是封闭式的。中国每年的贸易额都在持续增长。中国最主要的出口产品为纺织品、茶叶、农副产品等。主要进口产品为粮食、高附加值工业品和一些高新技术产品。

　　英：

　　C.W.O.

　　Cash With Order, the cost of an item must accompany the order.

　　C.O.D.

　　Cash On Delivery, the cost of an item will be paid when the item is delivered.

　　In stock

　　Goods and materials that a company has available for immediate¹ sale and delivery.

　　Inventory²

　　The quantity of goods and materials on hand (in stock). Also, a detailed³,

　　itemized list, report, or record of products in a company’s possession, produced

　　from a survey of all goods and materials in stock.

　　Backlog⁴

　　A reserve supply or an accumulation of unfilled orders.

　　Waybill

　　A document giving details and instructions relating to a shipment of goods.

　　Shipping⁵ date

　　The date that an order actually starts moving toward a destination.

　　Price quote

　　An officially stated price for goods.

　　List price

　　A basic published or advertised price.

　　Discount

　　A reduction from the full or standard amount of a list price.

　　Shipment

　　Act or instance of shipping goods, or a quantity of goods that are shipped together.

　　Bill of lading

　　A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging

　　receipt of goods for transport and specifying⁶ terms of delivery.

　　Invoice⁷

　　A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all

　　costs; an itemized bill.

　　Receipt

　　A written acknowledgment that a specified⁸ article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.

　　Irrevocable Letter of Credit

　　Method of payment most commonly used for imports. The exporter is assured payment when they ship the goods, and the importer is assured that the goods have been dispatched according to their instructions.

　　Shipping documents

　　Documents that an exporter receives from the shipping company.The following terms are often used for price quotes in foreign trade:

　　FOB

　　Free On Board - price includes all costs of goods on a ship or aircraft whose

　　destination is stated in the contract.

　　CIF

　　Price includes Cost, Insurance, Freight to a named port of destination in the

　　buyer’s country.

　　CIP

　　Price includes cost of goods, Carriage (freight), and Insurance Paid by

　　container to a named destination in the buyer’s country.

　　Common carrier

　　Common means of shipping, can be transport truck, barge⁹, ship , or train.

　　中：

　　订货付现

　　货款与订单一起交付。

　　货到付款

　　货款在货物送达后支付。

　　现货

　　可以即时销售和交付的货物和材料。

　　存货

　　库存或手头拥有的货物和原料数量。也是公司拥有产品的细目表、报告、产品记录，这是通过对公司的货物库存和原料的调查而产生的。

　　积压未交订货

　　已经下了定单但未交付的订货。

　　运货单

　　关于货物运输详细情况和要求的说明文件。

　　发货日

　　所定货物启运的日期。

　　报价

　　对货物的正式报价。

　　报价单价格

　　基本上是对外公布的或对外宣传的价格。

　　折扣

　　对标准全价的部分减免。

　　发货

　　运装货物的行为或情况。

　　提单

　　承运人开给托运人的单证，证明运输合同成立和证明承运人已接管货物或已将货物装船，同时还明确规定了交货条件。

　　发票

　　运送货物和提供服务的细目单，详细列出了每项费用和总费用。

　　收据

　　收到某件货物、钱或发货通知书的书面确认。

　　不可撤销信用证

　　进口最常用的付款方式。这种方式能确保进出口双方的利益，确保出口商发货后能收到货款，也可以确保进口商货已按要求发出。

　　货运单据

　　出口商从货运公司收到的单据。在国际贸易中经常用到的报价术语

　　FOB

　　离岸价或船上交货价格，卖方承担的义务是在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内，将货物装上买方指派的船只或飞机并及时通知买方，同时负责支付货物装上船之前的一切费用。

　　CIF

　　到岸价格。包括成本、保险费以及运费, 要求运到卖方指定港口。

　　CIP

　　包括货物费用、运费、承运商支付的保险费，运到买方指定的目的港的价格。

　　公共承运人

　　卡车、驳船、船舶或火车等公共运输工具。

1 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

2 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

3 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

4 backlog   

n.积压未办之事

参考例句：

• It will take a month to clear the backlog of work.要花一个月的时间才能清理完积压的工作。
• Investment is needed to reduce the backlog of repairs.需要投资来減轻积压的维修工作。

5 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

6 specifying   

v.指定( specify的现在分词 )；详述；提出…的条件；使具有特性

参考例句：

• When we describe what the action will affect, we are specifying the noun of the sentence. 当描述动作会影响到什么时，我们指定组成句子的名词。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Procurement section only lists opportunistic infection drugs without specifying which drugs. 采购部分只说明有治疗机会性感染的药物，但并没有说明是什么药物。 来自互联网

7 invoice   

vt.开发票；n.发票，装货清单

参考例句：

• The seller has to issue a tax invoice.销售者必须开具税务发票。
• We will then send you an invoice for the total course fees.然后我们会把全部课程费用的发票寄给你。

8 specified   

adj.特定的

参考例句：

• The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
• It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

9 barge   

n.平底载货船，驳船

参考例句：

• The barge was loaded up with coal.那艘驳船装上了煤。
• Carrying goods by train costs nearly three times more than carrying them by barge.通过铁路运货的成本比驳船运货成本高出近3倍。