英语高频词：just用法综述

 　　just在英语中是一个重要的词语，其使用方法也是多种多样的。Just可以用作一个时间表达，用来在一些固定表达中表示某事十分重要，对词语进行强调，并作为only的同义词。本指南可以帮助你正确使用这个英语中的关键词。

　　Just - As a Time Expression

　　作为时间表达

　　1.Just = Recently

　　最近

　　Just is most often used to express that something has recently happened.

　　just常被用来表达，某事最近发生了。

　　Use just with the present perfect tense to indicate that an action has recently occurred and influences the present moment of speaking.

　　在现在完成时中，just可以用来表示最近发生的动作对说话时的现在产生影响

　　I've just been to the bank.

　　我刚去过银行。

　　Tom's just arrived. You can speak to him now.

　　汤姆刚到。你现在可以跟他谈谈了。

　　Mary's just finished the report.

　　玛丽刚完成报告。

　　Exception¹: American English vs. British English

　　特例：美式英语和英式英语

　　In everyday conversation American English uses just with the past simple, as well as the present perfect, to express that something recently happened. In British English, the present perfect is used.

　　在日常对话中，美式英语会将just与一般过去时态、一般现在时态连用，用来表达某事刚发生。而在英式英语中，just一般与现在完成时连用。

　　American English

　　美式英语

　　He just finished lunch.

　　他刚吃完午饭。

　　OR

　　或者

　　He's just finished lunch.

　　他刚吃完午饭。

　　British English

　　英式英语

　　Jane's just been to the bank.

　　简刚去了银行。

　　NOT

　　而不是

　　Jane just went to the bank.

　　简刚去了银行。

　　2.Just = Immediately

　　立即

　　Just can also be used as a time expression to mean that something important will happen immediately. In this case, use the present continuous² tense or 'going to' to express that something is about to happen.

　　just也可以用作时间表达，表示某个重要的事马上就会发生。在这种情况下，我们可以使用现在进行时或going to来表示某事即将发生。

　　He's just getting ready to go now.

　　他现在准备要走了。

　　I'm just going to finish this and then we can go.

　　我快完成了，然后我们就可以离开。

　　3.just = Close to the Time

　　接近某个时间

　　Just is also used to express that something happened at approximately to the time mentioned in phrases such as: just after, just before, just when, just as.

　　just也可以用于表示某事发生的时间接近于短语中提到的时间，例如just after、just before、just when、just as等。

　　I saw Tom just as he was leaving yesterday.

　　汤姆昨天要离开时被我看见了。

　　Jennifer finished the report just as the boss asked her for it.

　　詹妮弗在老板找她要报告之前就已经完成了。

　　Just when you think you've seen everything, something like this happens!

　　当你认为你看到了所有事时，类似的事已经发生了!

　　4.Just - as an Adverb Meaning 'Only'

　　作为副词，意为“只有”

　　Just is also used as an adverb meaning 'only', 'merely', 'simply', and so on.

　　just也可以用作副词，意为“只有”“仅仅”“只是”等意义。

　　Don't worry about that cup, it's just an old thing.

　　别担心杯子的事，只是个老物件而已。

　　She said she just needed some vacation time to relax.

　　她说，她只是需要一些假日来放松一下。

　　Richard is just the spokesman³.

　　理查德就是发言人。

　　5.Just - as an Adverb Meaning 'Exactly'

　　作为副词，意为“恰好地”

　　Just can also be used as an adverb meaning 'exactly' or 'precisely⁴'.

　　just也可以用作副词，意为“恰好地”或“刚好地”

　　That's just the information I need to understand the situation.

　　这恰好就是我需要用来了解形势的信息。

　　Alexander is just the person for the job.

　　亚历山大是这份工作的最佳人选。

　　6.Just - as an Adjective⁵ Meaning 'Honest'

　　作为形容词，意为“诚实的”

　　Just is also used as an adjective to mean that someone is honest, or fair in his judgement.

　　just也可以用作形容词，意为某人十分诚实，或者评价十分公正。

　　He's a just man so you can expect to be treated well.

　　他是一个公正的人，所以你可以得到很好的招待。

　　You need to be just with all your students, not just the ones you like.

　　你需要对学生们公正，而不是只按自己的喜好来。

　　Fixed⁶ Expressions with 'Just'

　　关于just的固定表达

　　Just is also used in a number of idiomatic⁷ and fixed expressions. Here are some of the most common:

　　just也用于一系列习语和固定表达中。下面是一些最常见的例子：

　　Just in time = Ready at the exact moment necessary

　　刚好在最必要的时间做好准备

　　In the business world many products are made 'just in time'. In other words, they are ready when a customer needs them and not before.

　　在商界中，许多产品都被“及时”生产出来。也就是说，当刚好客户需要的时候，而不是之前，他们就被生产出来。

　　Our supplier uses just in time manufacturing⁸ to fill our orders.

　　我们的供应商利用及时制造来完成我们的订单。

　　Using a just in time approach reduces our warehousing costs by 60%.

　　使用及时的方式较少了60%的仓库费用成本。

　　1.Just off the boat = Naive⁹, not experienced¹⁰

　　天真的，缺乏阅历的

　　Someone who is 'just off the boat' is new to a situation and doesn't understand certain unwritten rules, or ways of behavior.

　　用just off the boat来形容某人，意义则是初来乍到，不懂得一些不成文的规矩或行为方式。

　　Give him some time to adjust to the new position. Remember he's just off the boat and will need some time to get up to speed.

　　给他一些时间来适应新环境吧。要记得他可是初来乍到，需要一些时间赶上来。

　　They seemed as if they were just off the boat because they couldn't understand what was being asked of them.

　　他们看起来好像是初来乍到的，因为他们不知道该做些什么。

　　2.Just the ticket = Exactly what is needed

　　刚好是需要的

　　'Just' is used like 'exactly' when expressing something that is precisely what is needed in a situation.

　　当表达在某种情况中，刚好需要某物时，just则类似于exactly。

　　The two weeks off work was just the ticket. I feel like a new man.

　　两周不上班刚刚好。我感觉自己像个新人。

　　I think your ideas are just the ticket for our marketing¹¹ campaign.

　　我认为你的主意非常适合我们的营销活动。

　　3.Just what the doctor ordered = Exactly what is needed

　　刚好是需要的

　　'Just what the doctor ordered' is another idiomatic expression that expresses the idea that something precisely what is needed in a situation.

　　Just what the doctor ordered是另一个习语表达，意思是在某种情形下，某物刚好被需要。

　　I think his solution was just what the doctor ordered.

　　我认为他的解决办法正是我们需要的。

　　The grammar review was just what the doctor ordered for getting students ready.

　　语法回顾刚好是学生们做准备时需要的。

1 exception   

n.例外,除外

参考例句：

• Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception. 每个人都应该遵守纪律,你也毫无例外。
• There's an exception to every rule. 每项规则均有例外。

2 continuous   

adj.继续的，连续的，持续的，延伸的

参考例句：

• She finally got in after 10 years'continuous effort.坚持不懈地努力了十年后，她终于当选了。
• We must be continuous to study.我们必须不断学习。

3 spokesman   

n.发言人，代言人

参考例句：

• The government spokesman gave a quick briefing to the reporters.政府发言人向记者们作了情况简介。
• They drew lots to decide who should be their spokesman.他们抽签决定谁是他们的发言人。

4 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

5 adjective   

n.形容词；adj.形容词的，用作形容词的

参考例句：

• Don't apply that adjective to me.不要用那个字眼来形容我。
• The adjective loose has several senses. 形容词loose有几个义项。

6 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

7 idiomatic   

adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的

参考例句：

• In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
• In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。

8 manufacturing   

n.制造业，工业adj.制造业的，制造的v.（大规模）制造( manufacture的现在分词 )；捏造；加工；粗制滥造（文学作品）

参考例句：

• The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
• Manufacturing processes may be affected by the functionality of the product. 生产过程可能要受到产品设计目的的影响。

9 naive   

adj.幼稚的，轻信的；天真的

参考例句：

• It's naive of you to believe he'll do what he says.相信他会言行一致，你未免太单纯了。
• Don't be naive.The matter is not so simple.你别傻乎乎的。事情没有那么简单。

10 experienced   

adj.有经验的；经验丰富的，熟练的

参考例句：

• Experienced seamen will advise you about sailing in this weather.有经验的海员会告诉你在这种天气下的航行情况。
• Perhaps you and I had better change over;you are more experienced.也许我们的工作还是对换一下好，你比我更有经验。

11 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。