饱和脂肪酸真的有害健康？

 　　Report: Are Saturated¹ Fats Really The Enemy?

　　The 1980s were marked by a low fat, high carbohydrate² diet. We snacked on microwave popcorn³, cereal, and low fat turkey sandwiches. But that all changed in the 1990s when the low carb craze took a hold of our nation. It was all about proteins in the form of meats and dairy. Traditional products like yogurt and chocolate were available in the low sugar or low carbohydrate variety.

　　20世纪80年代的饮食特征是低脂肪、高碳水化合物。我们吃着微波炉烤的爆米花、麦片和低脂火鸡三明治。但20世纪90年代，风向全转了，全国开始流行低脂饮食。都吃上了富含蛋白质的食品，如肉和乳制品。传统食品，如酸奶和巧克力，都推出了低糖或低脂配方。

　　Today we've fallen somewhere in between. Fat has gained some acceptance but it's the monounsaturated variety found in avocados, olive oil, and almonds. But beyond the new obsession⁴ with "good fats," what does fat do for our bodies and more specifically, who's to blame for America's obesity⁵ epidemic⁶? According to Civil Eats, new studies show that saturated fats may not be as harmful as we might have thought.

　　现在，我们被卡在了当中。某种程度上，接受了脂肪；但只接受单一饱和脂肪酸，象鳄梨、橄榄油和杏仁都含有该物质。但除了一股脑扎进新的“好脂肪”饮食外，脂肪到底对身体产生怎样的作用？特别是，美国人肥胖症蔓延到底该怪谁？根据“国民饮食”网站的新研究表明：饱和脂肪酸不象我们想的那样有害。

　　The Question of Fats

　　脂肪问题

　　Civil Eats reported that the LA Times, shifted blame for the obesity epidemic.

　　“国民饮食”在《洛杉矶时报》撰文，认为不应将肥胖蔓延归咎脂肪。

　　"Fat is not the problem," says Dr. Walter Willett, chairman of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. "If Americans could eliminate sugary beverages⁷, potatoes, white bread, pasta, white rice and sugary snacks, we would wipe out almost all the problems we have with weight and diabetes⁸ and other metabolic⁹ diseases."

　　“脂肪不是问题，”沃尔特·魏林特医生说。他是哈佛公共健康学院营养系主任。“如果美国人不喝含糖饮料，不吃土豆、白面包、意大利面、白米和甜食，我们就能消除绝大多数与体重有关的毛病，还有糖尿病和其他新陈代谢疾病。”

　　Our dependence¹⁰ on carbohydrates¹¹ is largely due to a low fat craze gone seriously wrong. Today we get 55 percent of our calories from carbohydrates when we should be getting about half that. Carbs turn to sugar in our body if we don't burn it off immediately with exercise. Since today much of our time is spent at a desk rather than out in the fields, we're getting fatter every day and sugar is the culprit.

　　我们依赖碳水化合物的很大一部分原因是时髦的低脂饮食，真是大错特错。现在，有55%的能量来自碳水化合物，实际上，我们只需要一半。如果我们不运动，及时消耗碳水化合物，那么其在体内就会转化成糖。由于现今，我们大部分时间都是坐在室内，而不是在室外活动，于是变得越来越胖，糖就是罪魁祸首。

　　What's more, according to Civil Eats:

　　“国民饮食”认为还有更多问题：

　　The link to cardiovascular disease is tenuous¹² at best—the idea being that saturated fats raise your cholesterol¹³ and triglyceride levels which in turn leads to cardiovascular disease. But according to the most recent studies, including one reported in the Los Angeles Times article, this is not true. “Contrary to what many expect—dietary fat intake¹⁴ is not directly related to blood fat. Rather, the amount of carbohydrates in the diet appears to be a potent¹⁵ contributor,” Marni Jameson writes.

　　脂肪与心血管疾病关系不大。有种说法：饱和脂肪酸提高了体内胆固醇和甘油三酸脂含量，因此引起心血管疾病。但根据最新的研究，包括一篇发表在《洛杉矶时报》的文章，都认为这个说法错了。“许多人想当然认为摄入脂肪，就会使血脂升高。但事实刚好相反，食谱中高含量的碳水化合物才是引起高血脂的强大推手。“马尼·詹姆斯说。

　　What About Whole Grains?

　　全谷物如何？

　　But that doesn't mean that you should resume your Atkins Diet tomorrow. Let's be clear: not all carbohydrates are created equal. White carbohydrates should be eliminated, including white bread, pasta, candy, and most processed chips and cookies. Whole grains including rolled oats, barley¹⁶, and brown rice along with carbs found in fruits and vegetables are essential. They contain fiber¹⁷ which has been proven time and time again to add years to your life because it improves digestion¹⁸ and keeps your system clean.

　　以上论述，并非让你明天就恢复阿金饮食法（阿金饮食法：吃肉饮食减肥法，由美国医师罗伯特·C·阿金提出。——译者注）。我们得明白：不是所有的碳水化合物都一样。少吃精加工的碳水化合物，如白面包、意大利面、糖果和薯条、饼干等。全谷物是必须的，如燕麦片、大麦、糙米等；还有水果和蔬菜中的碳水化合物，都是必须的。经常有新证据表明：它们所含的纤维有益长寿。因为纤维能够改善消化，使人体内干净。

　　According to a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, beans, and especially whole grains lowered the risk of death from cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases by 24 percent to 56 percent in men and by 34 percent to 59 percent in women.

　　High Protein Meat Based Diets Equal Higher All Cause Mortality

　　根据《内科学文献》刊登的一项研究表明：蔬菜、水果、坚果、籽类、豆子，特别是全谷物——这些都能降低心血管疾病、传染病和呼吸道疾病的死亡率。其中男性可降低24%-56%；女性降低34%—59%。

　　In fact, high protein, meat based diets have been proven to have a negative effect on longevity¹⁹. The key to good health is good digestion because without it, things can't keep moving through your system and toxins²⁰ build up, causing disease. That's why dietary fiber is so important to our health. Higher protein diets based on plant proteins like beans, lentils, and nuts are not only lower in fat and sodium²¹, but they're higher in dietary fiber.

　　事实已经证明：以肉为主的高蛋白饮食方式对寿命有副作用。健康的关键是消化好。如果消化不好，体内的循环就不好，毒素都会累积，然后就生病了。这就是膳食纤维对健康很重要的原因。以植物蛋白为主的高蛋白饮食，如豆子、小扁豆和坚果，不仅脂肪和钠的含量较低，而且膳食纤维含量较高。

　　What's more, the more meat and processed cheeses you eat, the more the body must ingest the hormones²², antibiotics²³, and other chemicals that go along with them.

　　而且，肉和加工过的奶酪吃的越多，附带地，体内需要解决的激素、抗生素和各类化学成分就越多。

1 saturated   

a.饱和的，充满的

参考例句：

• The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
• a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液

2 carbohydrate   

n.碳水化合物；糖类；(plural)淀粉质或糖类

参考例句：

• You should not have too much carbohydrate in your diet.你日常饮食中不该有过多碳水化合物。
• Cashew nuts are rich in carbohydrate.腰果含丰富碳水化合物。

3 popcorn   

n.爆米花

参考例句：

• I like to eat popcorn when I am watching TV play at home.当我在家观看电视剧时，喜欢吃爆米花。
• He still stood behind his cash register stuffing his mouth with popcorn.他仍站在收银机后，嘴里塞满了爆米花。

4 obsession   

n.困扰，无法摆脱的思想(或情感)

参考例句：

• I was suffering from obsession that my career would be ended.那时的我陷入了我的事业有可能就此终止的困扰当中。
• She would try to forget her obsession with Christopher.她会努力忘记对克里斯托弗的迷恋。

5 obesity   

n.肥胖，肥大

参考例句：

• One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
• Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。

6 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

7 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

8 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

9 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

10 dependence   

n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属

参考例句：

• Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
• He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。

11 carbohydrates   

n.碳水化合物，糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 )；淀粉质或糖类食物

参考例句：

• The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句

12 tenuous   

adj.细薄的，稀薄的，空洞的

参考例句：

• He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality.他对现实认识很肤浅。
• The air ten miles above the earth is very tenuous.距离地面十公里的空气十分稀薄。

13 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

14 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

15 potent   

adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的

参考例句：

• The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
• We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

16 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

17 fiber   

n.纤维，纤维质

参考例句：

• The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
• The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。

18 digestion   

n.消化，吸收

参考例句：

• This kind of tea acts as an aid to digestion.这种茶可助消化。
• This food is easy of digestion.这食物容易消化。

19 longevity   

n.长命；长寿

参考例句：

• Good habits promote longevity.良好的习惯能增长寿命。
• Human longevity runs in families.人类的长寿具有家族遗传性。

20 toxins   

n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
• Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》

21 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

22 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

23 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。