高级口译：陈冯富珍在世界卫生峰会上的主旨讲话

 Keynote Address at the World Health Summit

　　在世界卫生峰会上的主旨讲话

　　Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization世界卫生组织总干事 陈冯富珍博士

　　Berlin, Germany

　　德国 柏林

　　11 October 2015

　　2015年10月11日

　　Excellencies, honourable¹ ministers, distinguished² participants, ladies and gentlemen,诸位阁下，各位尊敬的部长，尊敬的与会者，女士们、先生们：

　　The world has changed dramatically since the start of this century, when the Millennium³ Development Goals became the focus of international efforts to reduce human misery⁴.

　　本世纪初，千年发展目标成为减少人类苦难的国际努力的焦点。自那之后，全世界已经发生巨大变化。

　　At that time, human misery was thought to have a discrete⁵ set of principal causes, like poverty, hunger, poor water and sanitation⁶, several infectious diseases, and lack of essential care during pregnancy⁷, childbirth, and childhood.

　　当时，人们认为，人类苦难有一系列不相关联的主要原因，例如贫困、饥饿、缺乏饮用水和卫生设施、多种传染病以及在妊娠、分娩和儿童期缺乏基本诊疗服务。

　　The results of that focus, and all the energy, resources, and innovations it unleashed⁸, exceeded the wildest dreams of many. It demonstrated the power of international solidarity⁹ and brought out the best in human nature.

　　当时的关注及其带来的所有能源、资源和创新所产生的结果已经超出许多人最狂野的想象。它显示了国际团结的力量和人性最美好的一面。

　　Maternal¹⁰ and child mortality fell at the fastest rate in history, with some of the sharpest drops recorded in sub-Saharan Africa. Each day, 17,000 fewer children die than in 1990. AIDS reached a tipping point in 2014 when the number of people newly receiving antiretroviral therapy surpassed the number of new infections.

　　孕产妇和儿童死亡率以历史上最快的速度下降，其中一些最大降幅出现在撒哈拉以南非洲。与1990年相比，儿童死亡人数每天减少1.7万名。2014年，艾滋病达到一个转折点：新接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人数超过了新发感染数。

　　Since the start of the century, an estimated 37 million lives were saved by effective diagnosis¹¹ and treatment of tuberculosis¹². Over the same period, deaths from malaria¹³ declined by 60%. An estimated 6.2 million lives, mainly in young African children, were saved.

　　据估计，自本世纪初以来，有效诊断并治疗结核病已经挽救了3700万人的生命。同时，疟疾死亡降低了60%，约620万人获救，其中主要是非洲幼童。

　　Drug donations by the pharmaceutical¹⁴ industry allowed WHO to reach more than 800 million people each year with preventive therapy for river blindness, lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, and other neglected topical diseases. These are ancient, debilitating¹⁵ diseases that anchor more than a billion people in poverty. By reaching so many millions, we are paving the way for a mass exodus¹⁶ from poverty.

　　制药企业捐赠的药品使世卫组织能够每年为8亿多人提供针对河盲症、淋巴丝虫病、血吸虫病和其它被忽视热带病的预防性治疗。这些令人衰弱的古老疾病主要影响10亿贫困人口。通过为上亿人提供药物，我们正在为大量人口摆脱贫困铺平道路。

　　I would like to thank the German government, Chancellor¹⁷ Merkel, and other G7 leaders for putting these diseases on the global agenda. If we believe in poverty reduction, we must address these neglected diseases. I also thank the private sector¹⁸ for providing preventive medicines at no cost. This is how public-private partnerships¹⁹ work at their best.

　　我要感谢德国政府、默克尔总理和其它七国集团领导人将这些疾病纳入全球议程。如果我们相信减贫，我们就必须处理这些被忽视的疾病。我还要感谢私营部门免费提供预防用药。这正是最有利于公私伙伴关系发挥作用的方式。

　　Last month, the United Nations General Assembly finalized²⁰ a new agenda for sustainable development. The number of goals has grown from 8 to 17, including one for health. The related targets increased 8-fold, from 21 to 169.

　　上个月，联合国大会确定了可持续发展新议程。目标数量从8个增加到17个，其中包括一个卫生目标。相关具体目标增加七倍，从21个到169个。

　　The factors that now govern the well-being²¹ of the human condition, and the planet that sustains it, are no longer so discrete. The new agenda will try to shape a very different world.

　　现在，决定人类福祉和星球状况的因素再也不是不相关联。新议程将努力塑造一个非常不同的世界。

　　This is a world that is seeing not the best in human nature, but the worst: international terrorism, senseless mass shootings, bombings in markets and places of worship, ancient and priceless archaeological sites reduced to rubble²², and the seemingly endless armed conflicts that have contributed to the worst refugee crisis since the end of the second World War.

　　在这个世界上，我们看到的不是人性中最美好的一面，而是最糟糕的：国际恐怖主义、毫无人性的大规模枪击事件、集贸市场和礼拜场所的爆炸、古老而珍贵的考古遗址沦为瓦砾堆以及已经造成二战结束以来最严重难民危机的似乎永无终止的武装冲突。

　Ladies and gentlemen,

　　女士们、先生们，

　　Since the start of this century, newer threats to health have gained prominence²³. Like the other problems that cloud humanity’s prospects²⁴ for a sustainable future, these newer threats to health are much bigger and more complex than the problems that dominated the health agenda 15 years ago.

　　自本世纪初以来，新的卫生威胁愈发突出。和其它为人类可持续未来前景罩上阴影的问题一样，卫生面临的这些更新的威胁比15年前主导卫生议程的那些问题更大也更复杂。

　　All around the world, health is being shaped by the same powerful forces, like population ageing, rapid urbanization, and the globalized marketing²⁵ of unhealthy products.

　　在全世界，卫生都受到同样强大力量的影响，包括人口老龄化、快速城市化和不健康产品的全球营销。

　　Under the pressure of these forces, chronic²⁶ noncommunicable diseases have overtaken infectious diseases as the world’s biggest killers²⁷. This shift in the disease burden has profound implications. It challenges the very way socioeconomic progress is defined.

　　在这些力量的压力下，慢性非传染性疾病已经超过传染病成为全世界第一大死因。疾病负担方面的这一变化具有深远影响。它直接挑战人类对于社会经济进步的定义。

　　Beginning in the 19th century, improvements in hygiene²⁸ and living conditions were followed by vast improvements in health status and life-expectancy. These environmental improvements aided the control of infectious diseases, totally vanquishing²⁹ many major killers from modern societies.

　　自19世纪以来，卫生和生活条件的改善使人类健康状况大幅度改善，预期寿命大幅度延长。这些环境方面的改善有助于控制传染病，使许多主要死因从现代社会消失。

　　Today, the tables are turned. Instead of diseases vanishing as living conditions improve, socioeconomic progress is actually creating the conditions that favour the rise of noncommunicable diseases. Economic growth, modernization³⁰, and urbanization have opened wide the entry point for the spread of unhealthy lifestyles.

　　今天，形势发生了逆转。疾病没有随着生活条件改善而消失，相反，社会经济进步正在创造助长非传染性疾病增加的条件。经济增长、现代化和城市化为不健康生活方式的传播大开其门。

　　The world is ill-prepared to cope with NCDs. Few health systems were built to manage chronic if not life-long conditions. Even fewer doctors were trained to prevent them. And even fewer governments can afford to treat them.

　　全世界都没有做好应对非传染性疾病的准备。没有哪些国家的卫生系统是为了管理慢性乃至终身疾病而建立起来的。受过预防慢性病培训的医生数量更少。能够负担得起慢性病治疗的政府数量还要少。

　　In some countries, the costs of treating diabetes³¹ alone absorb from 25% to 50% of the entire health budget. As a recent Lancet Oncology Commission concluded, the costs of cancer therapy are becoming unaffordable, even for the wealthiest countries in the world. Many newly approved cancer drugs cost more than $120,000 per person per year.

　　在一些国家，单是治疗糖尿病的支出就占去整个卫生预算的25%至50%。正如最近《柳叶刀》肿瘤学委员会得出的结论，癌症治疗的费用将超出各国负担能力，即使世界上最富裕的国家也是如此。许多新批准的抗癌药费用超过每人每年12万美元。

　　The climate is changing. WHO’s recent estimate that air pollution kills around 7 million people each year has finally given health a place in debates about the consequences of climate change. Worldwide, this past July was the hottest since at least 1880, when records began. This year’s thousands of deaths associated with heat waves in India and Pakistan provide further headline evidence of the health effects of extreme weather events.

　　气候正在发生变化。世卫组织最近估计，空气污染每年造成约700万人死亡。这终于使卫生问题在有关气候变化后果的辩论中获得一席之地。刚过去的七月是自1880年有记录以来最热的。今年有数千人在印度和巴基斯坦热浪中死亡，消息占据了头条，也是极端天气事件造成健康影响的进一步证据。

　　Antimicrobial resistance has become a major health and medical crisis. If current trends continue, this will mean the end of modern medicine as we know it. WHO warmly welcomes the G7 health ministers declaration and the commitment it makes to address this crisis in all its multiple dimensions.

　　抗微生物药物耐药性也已成为主要卫生和医药危机。如果目前的趋势继续下去，这将意味着我们所知的现代医药的终结。世卫组织热情欢迎七国集团卫生部长做出的有关全面应对此危机的宣言和承诺。

No one working in public health should underestimate the challenges that lie ahead. These newer threats to health do not neatly³² fit the biomedical model that has historically guided public health responses. Their root causes lie outside the traditional domain³³ of public health.

　　公共卫生领域的每一个人都不应低估未来的挑战。卫生面临的这些更新威胁不能完全适用历史上一直指导着公共卫生应对工作的生物医药模式。其根源在公共卫生传统领域之外。

　　The health sector acting³⁴ alone cannot protect children from the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages³⁵, persuade countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions³⁶, or get industrialized food producers to reduce their massive use of antibiotics³⁷.

　　卫生部门单打独斗不能保护儿童不受不健康食品饮料营销的影响，不能说服各国减少温室气体排放，也不能让工业化食品生产商减少抗生素的大规模使用。

　　The newer threats to health also lie beyond the traditional domain of sovereign nations accustomed to governing what happens in their territories. In a world of radically³⁸ increased interdependence, all are transboundary threats.

　　卫生面临的更新威胁也在习惯于在本国领土范围内进行治理的主权国家的传统领域之外。在一个相互依存急剧上升的世界，所有威胁都是跨国威胁。

　　The globalized marketing of unhealthy products respects no borders. By definition, a changing climate affects the entire planet.

　　不健康产品的全球化营销不受边界限制。根据定义，正在变化的气候也影响整个星球。

　　As sharply illustrated³⁹ by malaria, tuberculosis, and bacteria carrying the NDM-1 enzyme⁴⁰, drug-resistant⁴¹ pathogens are notorious globe-trotters. They travel well in infected air passengers and through global trade in food. In addition, the growth of medical tourism has accelerated the international spread of hospital-acquired infections that are frequently resistant to multiple drugs.

　　正如疟疾、结核病和携带Ⅰ型新德里金属β-内酰胺酶(NDM-1)的细菌所突出表明的那样，耐药病原体是恶名昭彰的全球旅行者。它们在被感染航空乘客体内并通过全球食品贸易旅行。此外，医疗旅游的增长也加快了医院获得性感染的国际传播，而这类感染往往对多种药物耐药。

　　We face other challenges. The poverty map has changed. Today, 70% of the world’s poor live in middle-income countries. This is a game-changing statistic⁴². Growth in GDP has long been the yardstick⁴³ for measuring national progress.

　　我们还面临其它挑战。贫困地图已然发生变化。今天，全世界70%贫困人口生活在中等收入国家。这一统计数据改变了游戏规则。国民生产总值(GDP)的增长长期以来一直是衡量国家进步的标准。

　　If the economy is doing well, where is the incentive⁴⁴ to invest in equitable⁴⁵ health care? The world does not need any more rich countries full of poor people.

　　如果经济状况很好，投资于公平卫生保健的动力何在?全世界再也不需要任何满是贫困人口的富裕国家。

　　Our world is profoundly interconnected and this, too, has consequences. The refugee crisis in Europe shattered the notion that wars in faraway lands will stay remote. The Ebola outbreak shattered the notion that a disease of poor African nations will have no consequences elsewhere.

　　我们的世界深刻地相互关联，而这，也有其后果。欧洲的难民危机打碎了遥远之地的战争将永远遥远的观念。埃博拉疫情打碎了某个贫困非洲国家的疾病不会对其它地方产生后果的观念。

　　Ladies and gentlemen,

　　女士们、先生们，

　　In the most dramatic and tragic⁴⁶ way possible, the Ebola outbreak focused international attention on the need to invest in health systems, especially in fragile and vulnerable states.

　　埃博拉疫情以最具戏剧性和悲剧性的方式使国际社会注意到需要投资于卫生系统，特别是在脆弱和弱势国家。

　　WHO welcomes the G7 commitment to act on lessons learned from Ebola. I welcome, in particular, the emphasis it places on strengthening health systems as a first line of defence against the infectious disease threat.

　　世卫组织欢迎七国集团有关在埃博拉疫情教训基础上采取行动的承诺。特别是，我欢迎七国集团强调加强卫生系统使之成为针对传染病威胁的第一道防线。

　　As noted⁴⁷, the goal is to build resilient and sustainable health systems that offer quality, comprehensive care and aim to progressively achieve universal health coverage⁴⁸.

　　如前所述，目标是建设有恢复力的可持续卫生系统，提供高质量的全面诊疗服务并逐步实现全民健康覆盖。

　　The attention given to health systems is a most welcome focus that was not present when the Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago.

　　对卫生系统的关注最令人高兴，这种关注在15年前商定千年发展目标时并不存在。

　　The global health initiatives that brought such spectacular results did so largely through the delivery of commodities, like bednets, vaccines⁴⁹, and cocktails⁵⁰ of medicine. Confronted with weak health systems, the initiatives often built their own parallel systems for procurement⁵¹, delivery, financial management, and reporting.

　　在很大程度上，各项全球卫生倡议能够带来如此令人惊叹的结果是因为它们提供了商品，例如蚊帐、疫苗和药物鸡尾酒。面对薄弱的卫生系统，这些倡议常常建立起自己的采购、供货、财务管理和报告系统。

　　Fortunately, many development partners now recognize that virtually all health targets on the new development agenda need a well-functioning and inclusive health system to achieve sustainable results.

　　幸运的是，许多发展伙伴现在已经认识到新发展议程上几乎所有具体卫生目标都需要具有包容性且运转良好的卫生系统才能实现可持续的结果。

　　Last month, 267 prominent economists⁵² from 44 countries published a declaration in the Lancet. That declaration called on global leaders to prioritize a pro-poor pathway to universal health coverage as an essential pillar of sustainable development.

　　上个月，来自44个国家的267位杰出经济学家在《柳叶刀》上发表宣言，呼吁全球领导者将以有利于穷人的方式实现全民健康覆盖并使之成为可持续发展的必要支柱确定为重点。

　　The economic arguments for doing so are compelling. UHC transforms livelihoods⁵³ as well as lives, and works as a poverty-reduction strategy. The economic benefits of investing in UHC are estimated to be more than ten times greater than the costs.

　　这样做的经济理由是有说服力的。全民健康覆盖会改变民生和生命，并且有助于减贫。投资于全民健康覆盖的经济效益预计将十余倍于其成本。

　　The evidence is now overwhelming that providing quality health services free at the point of delivery helps end poverty, boosts growth, and saves lives. UHC cushions shocks on communities when crises occur, whether these arise from a changing climate or a runaway⁵⁴ virus.

　　有关在服务提供点免费提供高质量卫生服务有助于终结贫困、促进增长并挽救生命的证据令人信服。危机发生时，全民健康覆盖可以缓冲社区面临的冲击，不论危机来自气候变化还是病毒失控。

　　Under normal conditions, UHC builds cohesive⁵⁵ and stable societies and underpins⁵⁶ economic productivity. These are valued assets for every country in the world.

　　正常情况下，全民健康覆盖使社会更有凝聚力、更稳定，且支撑经济生产率。这是世界上所有国家的宝贵资产。

　　Thank you.

　　谢谢大家。

 

1 honourable   

adj.可敬的；荣誉的，光荣的

参考例句：

• I don't think I am worthy of such an honourable title.这样的光荣称号，我可担当不起。
• I hope to find an honourable way of settling difficulties.我希望设法找到一个体面的办法以摆脱困境。

2 distinguished   

adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的

参考例句：

• Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
• A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

3 millennium   

n.一千年，千禧年；太平盛世

参考例句：

• The whole world was counting down to the new millennium.全世界都在倒计时迎接新千年的到来。
• We waited as the clock ticked away the last few seconds of the old millennium.我们静候着时钟滴答走过千年的最后几秒钟。

4 misery   

n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难；悲惨的境遇，贫苦

参考例句：

• Business depression usually causes misery among the working class.商业不景气常使工薪阶层受苦。
• He has rescued me from the mire of misery.他把我从苦海里救了出来。

5 discrete   

adj.个别的，分离的，不连续的

参考例句：

• The picture consists of a lot of discrete spots of colour.这幅画由许多不相连的色点组成。
• Most staple fibers are discrete,individual entities.大多数短纤维是不联系的单独实体。

6 sanitation   

n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备

参考例句：

• The location is exceptionally poor,viewed from the sanitation point.从卫生角度来看，这个地段非常糟糕。
• Many illnesses are the result,f inadequate sanitation.许多疾病都来源于不健全的卫生设施。

7 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

8 unleashed   

v.把（感情、力量等）释放出来，发泄( unleash的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press. 政府的提案引发了新闻界的抗议浪潮。
• The full force of his rage was unleashed against me. 他把所有的怒气都发泄在我身上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 solidarity   

n.团结；休戚相关

参考例句：

• They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
• The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

10 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。

11 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

12 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

13 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

14 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

15 debilitating   

a.使衰弱的

参考例句：

• The debilitating disease made him too weak to work. 这个令他衰弱的病，使他弱到没有办法工作。
• You may soon leave one debilitating condition or relationship forever. 你即将永远地和这段霉运说拜拜了。

16 exodus   

v.大批离去，成群外出

参考例句：

• The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。
• Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。

17 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

18 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

19 partnerships   

n.伙伴关系( partnership的名词复数 )；合伙人身份；合作关系

参考例句：

• Partnerships suffer another major disadvantage: decision-making is shared. 合伙企业的另一主要缺点是决定要由大家来作。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• It involved selling off limited partnerships. 它涉及到售出有限的合伙权。 来自辞典例句

20 finalized   

vt.完成（finalize的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The draft of this article has been finalized [done]. 这篇文章已经定稿。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The draft was revised several times before it was finalized. 稿子几经删改才定下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

21 well-being   

n.安康，安乐，幸福

参考例句：

• He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
• My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。

22 rubble   

n.（一堆）碎石，瓦砾

参考例句：

• After the earthquake,it took months to clean up the rubble.地震后，花了数月才清理完瓦砾。
• After the war many cities were full of rubble.战后许多城市到处可见颓垣残壁。

23 prominence   

n.突出；显著；杰出；重要

参考例句：

• He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
• This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。

24 prospects   

n.希望，前途(恒为复数)

参考例句：

• There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
• They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。

25 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

26 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

27 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

28 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

29 vanquishing   

v.征服( vanquish的现在分词 )；战胜；克服；抑制

参考例句：

• Vanquishing HIV hinges on the development of an effective vaccine or a treatment to cure AIDS. 要彻底消灭爱滋病毒，必须研发出有效的爱滋病疫苗或治疗法。 来自互联网

30 modernization   

n.现代化，现代化的事物

参考例句：

• This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
• The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。

31 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

32 neatly   

adv.整洁地，干净地，灵巧地，熟练地

参考例句：

• Sailors know how to wind up a long rope neatly.水手们知道怎样把一条大绳利落地缠好。
• The child's dress is neatly gathered at the neck.那孩子的衣服在领口处打着整齐的皱褶。

33 domain   

n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围

参考例句：

• This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
• This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。

34 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

35 beverages   

n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
• regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例

36 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

37 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

38 radically   

ad.根本地，本质地

参考例句：

• I think we may have to rethink our policies fairly radically. 我认为我们可能要对我们的政策进行根本的反思。
• The health service must be radically reformed. 公共医疗卫生服务必须进行彻底改革。

39 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

40 enzyme   

n.酵素，酶

参考例句：

• Above a certain temperature,the enzyme molecule will become unfolded.超过一定温度，酶分子将会展开。
• An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots.能溶解血凝块中的纤维的酶。

41 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

42 statistic   

n.统计量；adj.统计的，统计学的

参考例句：

• Official statistics show real wages declining by 24%.官方统计数字表明实际工资下降了24%。
• There are no reliable statistics for the number of deaths in the battle.关于阵亡人数没有可靠的统计数字。

43 yardstick   

n.计算标准，尺度；评价标准

参考例句：

• This is a yardstick for measuring whether a person is really progressive.这是衡量一个人是否真正进步的标准。
• She was a yardstick against which I could measure my achievements.她是一个我可以用来衡量我的成就的准绳。

44 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

45 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

46 tragic   

adj.悲剧的，悲剧性的，悲惨的

参考例句：

• The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
• Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。

47 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

48 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

49 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

50 cocktails   

n.鸡尾酒( cocktail的名词复数 )；餐前开胃菜；混合物

参考例句：

• Come about 4 o'clock. We'll have cocktails and grill steaks. 请四点钟左右来，我们喝鸡尾酒，吃烤牛排。 来自辞典例句
• Cocktails were a nasty American habit. 喝鸡尾酒是讨厌的美国习惯。 来自辞典例句

51 procurement   

n.采购；获得

参考例句：

• He is in charge of the procurement of materials.他负责物资的采购。
• More and more,human food procurement came to have a dominant effect on their evolution.人类获取食物愈来愈显著地影响到人类的进化。

52 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

53 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

54 runaway   

n.逃走的人，逃亡，亡命者；adj.逃亡的，逃走的

参考例句：

• The police have not found the runaway to date.警察迄今没抓到逃犯。
• He was praised for bringing up the runaway horse.他勒住了脱缰之马受到了表扬。

55 cohesive   

adj.有粘着力的；有结合力的；凝聚性的

参考例句：

• She sealed the parcel with cohesive tape.她用粘胶带把包裹封起来。
• The author skillfully fuses these fragments into a cohesive whole.作者将这些片断巧妙地结合成一个连贯的整体。

56 underpins   

n.基础材料( underpin的名词复数 )；基础结构；（学说、理论等的）基础；（人的）腿v.用砖石结构等从下面支撑（墙等）( underpin的第三人称单数 )；加固（墙等）的基础；为（论据、主张等）打下基础；加强

参考例句：

• A powerful sense of mission underpins everything he does. 一种强烈的使命感支撑他所做的一切。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His presence at the crime underpins the case against him. 案子发生时他在场对他更不利。 来自辞典例句