学英文这么多年 你敢说你会用英文“问候”吗？

 　Greetings are like a mixed bag of candies: they’re generally short and sweet, and they come in a number of different varieties. From the casual to the formal, various American salutations are used depending on the social situation. Interestingly enough, a lot of these greetings have long cultural histories tied into them as well. Here is a beginner’s guide to some basic American greetings.

　　阿甘说，生活呢就像一盒巧克力，看东西说，问候语呢，就像一袋混合口味的糖果：甜味浓郁却利落，口味繁多。从生活口语到正式问候，社交场合不同，美国人也有不同的寒暄方式。而且，很有意思的是，其中许多问候方式都有着悠久的文化历史渊源。下面，就为寒暄界的菜鸟们送上福利，奉上一些简单道地的美式问候：

　　“HOWDY”——乡村主流范儿“你好”

　　(澳洲喜欢用的)

　　Commonly relegated¹ to the down-home boys of the Southern states and Western movie stars like John Wayne, “howdy” is an informal greeting often thought to represent a shortened version of the phrase “how do you do?” Generally thought of as a hallmark of the vocabulary of states such as Arizona, Texas and New Mexico, it is believed to have come from Native American greetings to settlers.

　　这个词其实是“how do you do(你怎么样)”的非正式删减版，虽然被公认为是X格较低，但却十分的接地气儿，一挂在嘴边儿就让人想起美国南部诸州的乡村大男孩和西部电影里的经典牛仔形象，比如约翰?韦恩(曾出演《关山飞度》)。这个词是美国亚利桑那州、德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州方言的经典词汇，据说最早来自印第安人对美洲开拓者的问候。

　　“WHASSUP”——潮酷随性范儿“你好”

　　(到了美国用这个多哈)

　　“Whassup?” “What’s up?” “Sup?” They all mean the same thing. This is an informal slang greeting you’ll hear in many places across the United States, basically meaning: “How’s is everything going?” The long slurred² form of the phrase “whassup” gained popularity in the 1990s from a series of well-loved beer advertisements, where characters tried to outdo each other with progressively longer “whassaaaaps”.

　　“Whassup?” “What’s up?” “Sup?”这些都是一个意思。这句俚语问候可以说早在美国“烂大街”，它的意思基本上就是：“一切可都还好?”这句长长的俚语的发音要诀就是一定要说得含糊不清楚，它成名于上世纪90年代，出现在一个饱受追捧的啤酒广告系列中而一跃流行;广告里的老哥儿们一个个接起电话都是“Yo! Whassup!”，一个比一个发音含糊尾音拖得老长，也是醉了。

　　“YO”——干净利落范儿“你好”

　　(黑人朋友这么打招呼)

　　Short, sweet and to the point, the one-syllable “yo” might be the simplest American greeting in the English language. The word originally came from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – a largely working-class city in the Northeast – but a series of iconic uses popularized the word in the American vocabulary. Most famously, Rocky Balboa, the main character in the titular³ “Rocky” films, used the word as a sign of his Philadelphia roots. The word also gained wide usage in the hip-hop and rap communities in the 1990s, filtering into the mainstream⁴ conversation through the popularity of that lifestyle and music.

　　掷地有声，热情友好，开门见山，它只有一个音节，是英语语言中最简单的美式问候——唷!(还是英语看着更舒服是不是?……)“唷”最初来自宾州费城，美帝东北部一个以工人阶级为主的城市，但是之后一些娱乐界标志性的用法才真正地让它走入群众心中。其中最为有名的用法来自洛奇系列电影中的主角洛奇拳王，他用这个词来代表自己的费城背景。这个词同时也在上世纪90年代的嘻哈说唱圈儿里被广泛使用，之后随着嘻哈生活方式和音乐的流行而逐渐渗透进入主流语言。

　　“ALOHA”——阳光热情范儿“你好”

　　(夏威夷玩时用这个)

　　You might need to head to a tropical paradise to hear this island greeting. “Aloha” has been used in the island state of Hawaii since the mid-19th century to mean not only a greeting, but also a farewell. In the decades since then, Hawaii has become quite the tourist destination – with countless⁵ visitors to the “Aloha State” getting a taste of the island lifestyle and bringing back a phrase or two home with them.

　　要听到底的“Aloha”,恐怕你得赴夏威夷州微服一趟。它从19世纪中期就在夏威夷开始使用，而且它不仅是问候语，也是告别语。自那之后的几十年中，夏威夷已经成为一个旅游热门去处——数不清的友人涌向这里，之为一品海岛生活风情，同时带一两句方言满载而归。

　　“SHALOM”——高端深刻范儿“你好”

　　“Shalom” is a greeting normally used in the American Jewish community. It comes from the Hebrew word for peace, completeness, prosperity, and welfare – and just like “Aloha”, it can mean both hello and goodbye. It is frequently used as a more general blessing⁶, and is often put in combination with other Hebrew words in both colloquial⁷ and religious contexts.

　　“Shalom”是在美国的犹太人社群中常常使用的问候语。它来自希伯来语，代表和平、整全、繁荣和幸福。就像“Aloha”一样，它既是问候语又是告别语;更多的时候它是作为通用的祝福语，经常和其他的希伯来语词汇合起来使用，在白话和宗教语境中都频繁出现。

1 relegated   

v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类

参考例句：

• She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
• I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 slurred   

含糊地说出( slur的过去式和过去分词 )； 含糊地发…的声； 侮辱； 连唱

参考例句：

• She had drunk too much and her speech was slurred. 她喝得太多了，话都说不利索了。
• You could tell from his slurred speech that he was drunk. 从他那含糊不清的话语中你就知道他喝醉了。

3 titular   

adj.名义上的，有名无实的；n.只有名义（或头衔）的人

参考例句：

• The Queen is titular head of the Church of England.英国女王是英国国教名义上的领袖。
• He is titular head,and merely signs laws occasionally.他是名义上的首脑，不过偶尔签字批准法律法规。

4 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

5 countless   

adj.无数的，多得不计其数的

参考例句：

• In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
• I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。

6 blessing   

n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿

参考例句：

• The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
• A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。

7 colloquial   

adj.口语的，会话的

参考例句：

• It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
• They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。