英语写作技能提升:分析句子成分

    英语写作技能步步高（一）句子主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语写作离不开句子，要写好英语句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词？
    句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其他成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。本单元主要复习句子的主要成分：主语、谓语、宾语。
    一、 主语句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。
    练习：请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。
    1. The boy comes from Amierican.
    2. He usually wenti to school alone.
    3. Studying English is every important.
    4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
    5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
    6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
    7. It is obvious¹ that he was wrong.
    8. It is no use crying over spilt² milk.
    归纳：主语一般由名词、_______,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括_____,______还有_______）。另外，当句子的主语为_______,_________或_________时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。
    二、谓语说明主语动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词词组充当。除了倒装等情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面。既句子最主要的两大成分位置是：主语       谓语。
    动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语，助动词与动词的适当形式（如：原形、现在分词、过去分词）共同构成谓语部分。
    注意：谓语与主语在人称和数方面要相互照应。
    练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：是实义动词、连系动词+表语、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动词的适当形式？
    1. His parents are teachers.
    2. The sun rises in the east.
    3. We have finished reading³ the book.
    4. You ought⁴ to work harder.
    5. I felt cold.
    6. He doesn't like music.
    三、 宾语表示动作的对象，跟主语的性质差不多。一般由名词、宾格代词（me ，he等）或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做，直接宾语则是动作的承受着或结果。一般情况下，宾语都是在动词的后面， 它的顺序是：主语          谓语         宾语练习：请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（是名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词还是宾语从句）？
    1. He has never met her in person.
    2. She handed him a book.
    3. He likes to play basketball.
    4. We enjoy listening to the music.
    5. She said that she felt sick.
    6. They sent the injured⁵ to hospital.
    7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
    8. We consider it no good getting up late.
    9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
    注意：当句子的宾语为_________、______、或_______时，常用形式宾语it，以保持句子的平衡。
    答案：一、主语1. The boy 名词  2.He 代词  3. Studying English动名词   4.To teach him a lesson不定式5．That he won the prize主语从句   6.it 形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语作真正主语   7.it 形式主语， that he was wrong 主语从句作真正的主语  8. it 形式主语 crying over spilt milk动名词短语做主语二、谓语1. His parents are teachers.系动词+表语2.The sun rises in the east.实义动词3.We have finished reading the book.
    4.You ought to work harder.情态动词+动词原形5.I felt cold.系动词+表语6.He doesn't like music.助动词+动词原形三、宾语1. He has never met her in person.宾格代词2.She handed him a book.  Him宾格代词做间接宾语，a book名词作直接宾语3．He likes to play basketball.不定式短语4．We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语5．She said that she felt sick.宾语从句6．They sent the injured to hospital.名词化的形容词7．I find it possible to believe her any longer.  It形式宾语 不定式作真正的宾语8．We consider it no good getting up late.   It形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语9．They believed it strange that he should have done that.  It形式宾语，宾语从句做真正的宾语

1 obvious   

adj.明显的，明白的，显然的

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up.很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• It's obvious that a man isn't strong enough to lift an elephant.很明显，一个人是不能举起大象的。

2 spilt   

v.溢出( spill的过去式和过去分词 )；泼出；涌出；蜂拥而出

参考例句：

• I spilt your coffee. Sorry—that was clumsy of me. 我弄洒了你的咖啡。对不起，我真是笨手笨脚的。
• Whoops! Careful, you almost spilt coffee everywhere. 哎哟！小心点，你差点把咖啡洒得到处都是。

3 reading   

n.阅读，知识，读物，表演，对法律条文的解释；adj.阅读的

参考例句：

• Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
• He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。

4 ought   

v.aux.应该，大概；n.责任

参考例句：

• Ought I to hand in the homework today?我应当在今天交上作业吗？
• They ought to be here by now.他们这个时候该到了。

5 injured   

adj.受伤的

参考例句：

• Our best defender is injured and won't be able to play today.我们最佳的防守员受伤了，今天不能参加比赛。
• The injured men have been dug out of the snow.受伤人员从雪中被挖了出来。