考试写作10个易扣分点

 　　一、不一致

　　所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，还包括了数的不一致、时态不一致以及代词不一致等。比如：When one have money, he can do what he want to.

　　分析：one是第三人称单数，因此本句的have应改为has; want应改为wants, 本句是典型的主谓不一致。

　　改为：When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).

　　二、修饰语错位考试用书

　　英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点考生们往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解。比如：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

　　分析：better位置不当，应置于句末。

　　三、句子不完整

　　在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常在主句写完以后，作者又想加些补充说明时发生。比如：There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.

　　分析：本句后半部分"For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。

　　改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.

　　四、悬垂修饰语

　　所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。比如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只写出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时，按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改得明确一点，读者或考官在读句子时就不会误解了。

　　改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.

　　五、词性误用

　　“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。比如：None can negative the importance of money.

　　分析：negative系形容词，误作动词。

　　改为：None can deny the importance of money.

　　六、指代不清

　　指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。比如：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

　　读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词所指代的对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

　　七、不间断句子

　　这个错误的出现受中文意识的影响很大。很多考生在写句子时，句子之间缺乏有效的连接成分。甚至，有的句子写的比较中式化。比如：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

　　分析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

　　改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted¹ with the outside world.

　　八、措词毛病

　　学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌句子中所选用词的习惯。大部分考生随心所欲，拿来就用，所以作文中用词不当的错误随处可见。比如：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

　　分析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。

　　改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

　　九、累赘

　　写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。比如：In spite² of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.

　　本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.

　　比如：For the people who are diligent³ and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

　　整个句子可以大大简化为：Diligent people use money only to buy what they need.

　　十、不连贯

　　不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通，这也是考生常犯的毛病。比如：The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

　　分析：the fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯，it与things在数方面不一致。

1 acquainted   

adj.对某事物熟悉的，对 某人认识的

参考例句：

• The students are already acquainted with the work of Shakespeare. 这些学生已经读过莎士比亚的著作。
• I have heard about your friend but I'm not acquainted with him. 我听说过你的朋友，但同他不熟。

2 spite   

n.（用于短语）虽然，不顾，尽管

参考例句：

• He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.尽管他年事很高，但思想观念却很入时。
• In spite of his anger,his remarks were restrained.他尽管生气，说的话还是有节制的。

3 diligent   

adj.勤勉的，勤奋的

参考例句：

• He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
• She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。