Lesson 31 Non-auditory Effects of Noise 噪音的非听觉效应
Many people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause. and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with bad science.
One allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck '. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect. Was the noise a cause of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.
What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. The United States Navy, for instance, recently examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noise upon mental health it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that noise is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanages--which really is a mental health hazard.
likely=possibly
deposited=saved=piled up 堆积
mud (from the seashore)
the man and the like: 就他那样的人（否定意义）
cover over: 全部覆盖
第一段：强调句
1. 加原因状语
2. 加地点状语
favourable=good=ideal
small fraction 小部分
that die 已死的或将要死的
feed on: 靠……为生 I feed on rice./I feed rice. (F) I feed the baby.
live by: 通过 live by the hands 自力更生 live by the mountains
live on=feed on
dead or alive 连缀形容词要做后置定语
ecological chain: 生物链 the law of the jungle, survival of the fittest
chance=accidental 偶尔 chance meeting 邂逅 chance company 萍水相逢
on land 陆路
seldom=hardly
innumerable=numerous
see sb doing sth.
fly about: 四外飞翔 go about: 转一转
not to mention: 更不用说 = let alone= not to speak of
it is very rarely…(强调句，强调状语)
come across=run into
带other，一般用单数词，any(some)other: 任何一个
traces=remains
as…as…
when: 时间状语（接by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice crevasse…）
refrigerator: refrige
preserved: 做主语的宾语补足语
in good condition: 完好状态
tar pits: 焦油坑
collected=assembled 汇集
the carnivores: 肉食动物
industry 工业方面，工业界
Services: in America means army;
serviceman: 军人 ex-serviceman 退伍军人 ex-president 前总统 present president 现任总统
ex-wife 前妻 My ex-job is a secretary.
on the one hand.. on the other hand 一方面……，另一方面……
most前不加定冠词相当于very
good cause=good thing
and 在这儿表转折
mental illness 精神病
weekly newspaper 周刊报纸
head with 头版头条 carry the news on the front page
considerable 极度的
reduce（在这）＝made (reduce to tears; reduce to laughter; reduce to a skeleton)
text 文字说明；turning to 转向；on: as soon as
anecdote 轶闻（大多数情况下unreal）
might well 或许可以
symptom=sign
cautious=careful
statement 这桩事
equally 同样地
might well/may well＝have reason to do sth. or be reasonable
She may well be proud of her son. 她有理由为她的儿子骄傲。
You may well refuse him. 你有理由拒绝他。
the United States Navy 美国海军
aerodrome 机场 motordrome 赛车道 parking lot 停车场 aero- 航空 drome 场所
share with 与……共住，与……一起
psychiatric interviews 精神病的采访
objective test 问卷调查，客观题
say=for example
hazard=danger
本文是一个sophistry(诡辨术) critical eye; eagle eye 辨析力
|