常春藤解析英语【21】活力奔放拉拉队（在线收听）

Something to Cheer About　活力奔放拉拉队

by Julia Koprak

It all started in the 1880s, when groups of students at Princeton University football games would chant, "Rah, rah, rah! Tiger! Tiger! Tiger! Sis, sis, sis! Boom, boom, boom, aah!" to encourage team support and school spirit. The actual term "cheerleader" was initiated a few years later in 1898, when Johnny Campbell of the University of Minnesota _(1)_ a crowd of students in an organized chant. Cheerleading quickly became a popular activity, with well-known figures such as _(2)_ American presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Dwight D. Eisenhower joining in the fun. Indeed, the first cheerleaders were male, and in fact, women only started to get seriously involved _(3)_ cheerleading during the mid-20th century.

Lawrence "Herkie" Herkimer, the founder of the National Cheerleader's Association, can be credited with transforming cheerleading _(4)_ the sport it is today. In 1948, he held a camp for 52 young women _(5)_ in cheerleading. He also created cheerleader uniforms as well as popularized the use of pom-poms. The trend spread to American high schools and in 1978, the first cheerleading competitions _(6)_. Now there are over 3.5 million cheerleaders in the world.

Interestingly _(7)_, in today's world of cheerleading, actual chants are few and far between. The routines more often include dance, gymnastics, pyramid building, and basket tosses. Watching a well-trained cheerleading squad _(8)_ is quite mesmerizing. People are _(9)_ and fly through the air, while others do backflips below. This requires lots of motivation and hard work. During competitions, one small mistake will force judges to deduct points, or _(10)_ worse, lead to serious injury. With complicated dance steps and acrobatics, cheerleading has emerged as a professional sport of its own that extends beyond the sidelines.

(A) even　(B) in　(C) took place　(D) interested　(E) perform
(F) led　(G) enough　(H) former　(I) into　(J) tossed up

原来如此

1. ...when Johnny Campbell of the University of Minnesota led a crowd of students in an organized chant.

理由：

a. 本句尚缺动词，根据时态，应置入一过去式及物动词或词组动词。

b. 选项中符合上述条件的选项有下列：(D) interested（使有兴趣）、(F) led（带领）和 (J) tossed up（将……向上抛），由于空格后的受词为 a crowd of students（一群学生），得知应置入 (F) led 方符合语意，故选之。

2. ...well-known figures such as former American presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Dwight D. Eisenhower joining in the fun.

理由：

a. 空格后为名词 American presidents（美国总统），得知本空格应置入形容词加以修饰。

b. 选项中可作形容词的有 (A) even （平坦的）、(D) interested（感兴趣的）、(G) enough（足够的）和 (H) former（前任的）。

c. 根据语意，应置入 (H) former，表『前美国总统』，故选之。

3. ...women only started to get seriously involved in cheerleading during the mid-20th century.

理由：

a. 本句测试下列固定词组：
get/be involved in...　　参与∕从事……
例： Do you know how I can get involved in working with that charity?
（你知不知道我要如何参与那个慈善机构的活动？）

b. 根据上述用法，故选 (B) in。

4. Lawrence "Herkie" Herkimer...can be credited with transforming cheerleading into the sport it is today.

理由：

a. 本空格测试下列固定用法：
transform A into B　　将 A 转变成 B
注意：
凡表『将……变成……』介词均用 into 来表示，如：change...into...、turn...into... 等。
例： It is my goal to transform the old warehouse into a studio.
（我的目标是将这栋旧仓库改建成工作室。）

b. 空格前有 transforming 及受词 cheerleading，可知空格应置入介词 into，故选 (I)。

5. In 1948, he held a camp for 52 young women interested in cheerleading.

理由：

a. 本句为一完整句构，可知空格应置入现在分词或过去分词，作形容词用，修饰空格前的名词（先行词）women。

b. 由空格后的介词词组 in cheerleading 可知，此处应选填 interested（感兴趣的），以形成下列固定用法：
be interested in...　　对……有兴趣
例： My younger brother is interested in collecting stamps.
（我弟弟对集邮有兴趣。）

c. 本句原为：
In 1948, he held a camp for 52 young women who were interested in cheerleading.
d. 根据上述，故选 (D)。

6. ...in 1978, the first cheerleading competitions took place.

理由：

a. 本句尚缺动词，根据时态，应置入一过去式动词或动词词组，且由于空格后没有受词，得知该动词应为不及物动词。

b. 选项中，仅 (C) took place（发生；举行）为过去式不及物动词词组。而且本句主词为 competitions （比赛），took place 置入后语意通顺，故选之。

c. take place　　（事件）发生；举行
例： Because I overslept, I missed the speech contest that took place this morning.
（因为睡过头，我错过了今早举行的演讲比赛。）

7. Interestingly enough, in today's world of cheerleading, actual chants are few and far between.

理由：

a. 句首为副词 Interestingly（有趣地），得知空格应置入可作后位修饰的副词加以修饰。

b. 选项中仅 (G) enough（足够地）可置于形容词或副词之后作后位修饰，故为正选。
例： Oddly enough, he hasn't slept for three days, yet he doesn't feel tired at all.
（奇怪的是，他三天没睡觉却一点都不觉得累。）

8. Watching a well-trained cheerleading squad perform is quite mesmerizing.

理由：

a. 本空格测试知觉动词的用法：
表『看』（watch, see, look at）、『听』（hear, listen to）与『感觉』（feel）的知觉动词加受词后，可接原形动词作受词补语，以强调该动作；亦可接现在分词，强调动作正在进行中。

b. 根据上述，由受词 a well-trained cheerleading squad（训练有素的拉拉队）可知，本空格应选 (E) perform（表演）。

9. People are tossed up and fly through the air, while others do backflips below.

理由：

a. 空格前有 be 动词 are，得知应置入现在分词或过去分词，以形成进行式或被动式。

. 选项中仅剩 (J) tossed up（向上抛）为过去分词，置入后亦符合语意，故为正选。

c. be tossed up　　被向上抛
toss up...　　将……向上抛
例： We tossed up a coin to decide which team would get the ball first.
（我们丢硬币决定哪一队开球。）

10. ...one small mistake will force judges to deduct points, or even worse, lead to serious injury.

理由：

a. 由其后的比较级形容词 worse 得知，本空格测试修饰比较级形容词或副词的词类，计有下列六个：
far, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal。
例： I found a NT$100 bill. What's even better, I played the lottery with it and won NT$100,000.
（我捡到一张一百元纸钞。更棒的是，我拿去买彩券，结果中了十万元。）

b. 根据上述，故选 (A) even。

精解字词词组

1.initiate vt. 创始；发起
例： Lee initiated this company trip. He always has great ideas.
（小李是这次员工旅游的发起人，他总是有很多好点子。）

2.join in...　　参与∕加入……
例： Don't join in the conversation if you don't have anything positive to say.
（如果你没有什么正面的想法要说，就别加入谈话。）

3.be credited with...　　对……有功
例： The waitress can be credited with saving the man's life because she performed CPR on him.
（那位女服务生为那名男子施行心肺复苏术，功不可没。）

4.popularize vt. 使普及
例： The pop star popularized long fingernails covered with decorations and jewels.
（那位流行歌手使缀有装饰品与珠宝的长指甲蔚为流行。）

5.few and far between　　罕见的，稀少的
例： Nowadays, people like that brave young man are few and far between.
（像那位勇敢的年轻人之流现在少之又少。）

6.mesmerizing a. 使人着迷的
例： Her mesmerizing performance was greater than any of the other dancers.
（她令人着迷的演出比任何其它舞者都来得出色。）

7.deduct vt. 扣除，减除
例： The main drawback of this job is that NT$10 is deducted for every minute I'm late.
（这份工作的主要缺点就是每迟到一分钟要扣十块钱。）

8.emerge vi. 兴起；出现
例： This area has emerged as a hangout for the young and trendy.
（这个地区已成为年轻人与时尚达人出没的地方。）

单字小铺

1. chant vt.（反复而有节奏地）喊叫 & n. 吟颂

2. encourage vt. 鼓舞；鼓励

3. cheerleader n. 拉拉队（队员）

4. organized a. 有组织的

5. cheerleading n. 以拉拉队的方式加油

6. founder n. 创立者

7. uniform n. 制服

8. pom-pom n. 拉拉队用的彩球

9. trend n. 趋势

10. competition n. 竞赛

11. gymnastics n. 体操

12. toss n. & vt. 投掷

13. well-trained a. 训练有素的

14. squad n. 小队

15. backflip n. 后空翻

16. motivation n. 干劲；动机

17. acrobatics n. 特技表演

18. sidelines n.（球场等的）界外地区，场外

词组小铺

1. a crowd of...　　一群……

2. lead to N/V-ing　　导致……

中文翻译＆标准答案

这一切始于 1880 年代，普林斯顿大学的美式足球赛上成群学生高喊『啦、啦、啦！老虎！老虎！老虎！呦、呦、呦！跰、跰、跰、啊！』事实上，拉拉队这个词在几年后的 1898 年才开始使用，那时明尼苏达大学的钱宁‧坎贝尔率领一群学生有组织地加油叫喊。拉拉队活动很快便蔚为流行。许多知名人士，如美国前总统罗斯福和艾森豪威尔都参加过这好玩的活动。的确，刚开始的拉拉队成员都是男性，女性实际上到了二十世纪中才开始正式参与拉拉队。

外号『Herkie』的劳伦斯‧何奇莫是国际拉拉队协会的创办人，在将拉拉队转变为现今的型态有莫大功劳。1948 年，他为 52 名对拉拉队有兴趣的年轻女性举办了一个营队。他还设计了拉拉队制服，并让彩球的使用普及化。这股风潮在美国中学传开，1978 年第一届拉拉队比赛正式举行。如今全球有超过三百五十万名拉拉队成员。

有趣的是，今日的拉拉队很少唱歌。固定的招术包括跳舞、体操、迭金字塔和抛接。观赏一场训练有素的拉拉队表演相当引人入胜。有人被抛向空中，另一些人则在下面后空翻。这需要很大的干劲与努力。比赛期间，一个小差错就可能逼得裁判不得不扣分，更糟的是，还可能造成重伤。随着复杂的舞步和各种特技，拉拉队已成为一种场外新兴的专业运动。

标准答案：
1. (F)　2. (H)　3. (B)　4. (I)　5. (D)　
6. (C) 7. (G) 8. (E) 9. (J) 10. (A)