[00:00.98]Unit 4 Inventions and Inventors
[00:05.03]Lesson 14
[00:10.54]Exercise 1.3
[00:14.41]The first paper was made in China in 105 AD
[00:19.22]by a man called Cai Lun,
[00:21.86]The oldest pieces of paper still existed were
[00:24.98]made in about 150 AD,
[00:28.09]For over 500 year the art of making paper was
[00:31.95]limtted to China.
[00:33.95]In 610,papermaking was introduced into Japan,
[00:38.32]and then into central Asia in about the year 750
[00:43.27]Paper made its first appearance in Egypt
[00:46.03]in about 800
[00:47.63]but it was not produced there until the year 900
[00:52.76]Kites were known in China about 3,000 years ago.
[00:56.63]They were used in battles to transport supplies
[00:59.47]to soldiers who were in danger.
[01:02.30]Wheelbarrows were invented in the Han dynasty
[01:05.69]They were used by builders
[01:07.18]to carry heavy supplies.
[01:09.14]In a battle,
[01:10.17]wheelbarrows were used to carry injured
[01:12.83]or dead soldiers.
[01:15.06]Gunpowder was discovered by the Chinese
[01:18.32]who used it for making fireworks
[01:20.47]hundreds of years ago,
[01:22.35]It was probably introduced into Europe
[01:24.80]from the Middle East.
[01:27.60]Umbrellas were invented by the Chinese.
[01:30.37]They were made from oiled paper and bamboo.
[01:33.44]Red and yellow umbrellas
[01:35.31]were used by higher class,
[01:37.37]and blue umbrellas were used
[01:39.29]by the common people.
[01:42.24]Soccer was developed in England
[01:44.26]in the 12th century.
[01:46.19]But hundreds of years before this
[01:48.36]-around 200 BC-a similar game was played
[01:52.30]at the beginning of the Han dynasty in China.
[01:57.36]Magic squares are a very old type
[02:00.60]of number puzzle.
[02:01.66]They were invented in China
[02:03.33]before the end of the 1st century AD.
[02:06.62]In a magic square,
[02:08.05]no matter from which direction
[02:10.41]you add up the numbers,the result is the same.
[02:17.91]Exercise 2.2
[02:21.14]Tea-drinking was first recorded in China
[02:23.85]around 2737 BC.
[02:27.76]By the time of the Tang Dynasty,
[02:30.28]tea was China's national drink.
[02:33.28]Tea was planted in gardens and palaces.
[02:37.25]In the 8th century BC,
[02:39.91]Tea was introduced to Japan.
[02:42.75]Later,it was taken to Europe.
[02:45.94]According to Chinese tradition,
[02:48.61]silk was used as long ago
[02:50.28]as the 27th century BC.
[02:54.23]According to tradition,
[02:56.08]silk-making was discovered by Xilingshi,
[02:59.82]the 14-year-old bride of the Emperor Huang Di,
[03:04.26]The secret of silk was guarded successfully
[03:07.23]for centuries.
[03:08.88]In about 300 AD
[03:11.23]the secret was discovered by Japan,
[03:13.97]and later India.
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