[00:00.00]Questions 14-16 are based on the following news report.
[00:06.58]You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.
[00:13.53]W:Welcome to the 9 o'clock news of CBD,I'm Susan Morphy.
[00:20.38]A tornado hit the northwestern parts of Mexico,
[00:25.31]and caused severe casualties.
[00:29.07]Though there had been warnings beforehand,
[00:33.23]as the tornado went slightly away from the predicted route,
[00:38.58]many people failed to escape from its fatal sweeps.
[00:43.73]According to the first estimates,
[00:47.49]at least 200 people were killed and about 30,000 became homeless.
[00:54.33]Let's now connect to Tim Hudson,our correspondent there,
[01:00.08]for some more details.
[01:03.84]Hi,Tim. Can you give us a report about the tornado there.
[01:09.09]M:Hi,Susan.
[01:12.15]As you all know,the tornado has caused great losses.
[01:18.29]There had been some warnings about the tornado before it arrived.
[01:24.22]But it came slightly away from the predicted route,
[01:29.29]and,moreover,it came to the densely populated area about 2 a.m.
[01:36.44]when most people were in sound sleep.
[01:40.99]A lot of buildings have become topless,
[01:45.64]and many large trees have been rooted up.
[01:50.89]W:What about the casualties?
[01:54.44]M:There has been no exact report about it so far.
[01:59.80]According to some reliable estimate,
[02:04.16]there were no less than 200 of them.
[02:08.60]As a heavy rain went with tornado,
[02:13.15]some parts of the city where I'm standing
[02:18.00]have been cut off and isolated by the flood.
[02:22.97]We don't know what had exactly happened to those parts.
[02:29.00]W:How about the rescue work?
[02:32.76]M:As a matter of fact.
[02:36.00]the local government wasted no time.
[02:40.65]Just about 20 minutes after the tornado had passed,
[02:46.58]the local TV and broadcast
[02:50.92]started to give instructions on the locations of emergency centers
[02:57.37]in different districts of the city.
[03:01.63]Early this morning,
[03:05.68]a team from the Mexican government has arrived.
[03:10.64]Actually,I'm just back from the airport.
[03:15.47]W:Thank you,Tim.
[03:18.43]Now let's move on to other news...
[03:22.76]You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Questions 14--16.
[03:30.31]Question 14-16 according to Part B (2).
[03:32.38]14.What was the main cause of the severe casualties?
[03:34.41](A)The tornado came ahead of time.
[03:36.42](B)There was no warning beforehand.
[03:38.46](C)The prediction was not accurate.
[03:40.50](D)The preventions were not effective.
[03:42.56]15.What happened to many buildings?
[03:44.60](A)They were torn apart.
[03:46.66](B)Their upper parts were carried away (C)They were removed
[03:48.70](D)Their overall structures were ruined.
[03:50.77]16.What was the correspondent's comment on the local government's rescue work?
[03:52.80](A)Prompt (B)Confident (C)Ineffective (D)Casual
[03:54.84]Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk on the legal system in Great Britain
[04:02.39]You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.
[04:08.84]The beginning of the legal system in Great Britain
[04:13.60]took place in the late 11th century.
[04:18.46]After the Norman Conquest,William I,
[04:23.71]the new king from France,
[04:27.47]was faced with a lot of problems.
[04:31.70]But the most important one is to keep order.
[04:36.56]On the one hand,
[04:39.61]the newly conquered English were far from being obedient to the conquerors.
[04:46.17]Many of them were seeking restoration of truly English ruling,
[04:52.23]On the other hand,
[04:55.26]not all of those who fought for William I in the Battle of Hasting
[05:01.32]were loyal to the new king.
[05:05.27]What they were seeking was more money and more power
[05:10.33]Either of these groups of people might be the potential
[05:15.59]overthrowers of William Is ruling.
[05:20.84]However,William was wise enough not only to realize these threats,
[05:27.18]but to set out to eliminate them.
[05:31.34]One of the most important and effective ways was to send the circulars,
[05:38.10]These were groups of people who were either capable fighters or brilliant judges,
[05:45.55]headed by a person who was both intelligent and faithful to the king.
[05:51.69]The functions of these people included the suppression of uprisings
[05:58.22]and the judgments of conflicts,
[06:02.48]As these judges were often not at all familiar with
[06:07.62]the people involved in the lawsuits,
[06:11.77]investigations had to be carried out among the local people.
[06:17.73]And the opinions of the local people
[06:21.99]were so important for judgment of the cases
[06:27.13]that this eventually became an indispensable part of the English law.
[06:33.80]Those who were consulted before the court was open
[06:38.84]were members of the Grand Jury
[06:42.81]and those who helped make the final decision became members of the Petty Jury.
[06:49.34]The judges also noticed that people were more satisfied
[06:54.88]with the judgment of some cases than with others.
[07:00.13]They took special care to remember these more satisfied ones
[07:05.98]and applied them to similar case.
[07:10.13]That more often than not proved effective.
[07:14.60]That was the beginning of precedents in the English law.
[07:19.93]You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to Questions 17--20.
[07:27.48]Question 17-20 according to Part C (3).
[07:29.62]17.What was the most serious problem facing William I?
[07:31.68](A)The threat from France (B)The problem with economy
[07:33.72](C)His rivals in the court (D)The confusions of society
[07:35.78]18.What was the followers of William I most interested in?
[07:37.82](A)Larger fortunes (B)More fightings
[07:39.89](C)Obedience of their own subordinates.
[07:41.92](D)Restoration of their previous positions.
[07:43.96]19.Who helped the judges with the decision of lawsuits?
[07:46.02](A)Local scholars on law (B)Local ordinary people
[07:48.06](C)Followers of the judges (D)Investigators of the cases
[07:50.13]20.Who became members of the Petty Jury?
[07:52.16](A)Those who helped before the count was open.
[07:54.23](B)Those who-had something to do with the cases.
[07:56.26](C)Those who were involved in the final decision.
[07:58.30](D)Those who were assistants of the judges.
[08:00.37]That is the end of Part B.
[08:04.28]Part C
[08:07.03]You will hear a talk about the history of the Red Cross.
[08:12.17]As you listen,you must answer Questions 21--30.
[08:18.52]by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right
[08:26.07]You will hear the talk TWICE.
[08:30.01]You now have 60 seconds to read Questions 21-30.
[08:36.78]Red Cross is the name and symbol of a worldwide voluntary organization
[08:44.23]Its purpose is to help the wounded,sick,
[08:50.08]and prisoners-of-war in time of war
[08:54.52]and to do first aid,nursing,and welfare work in time of peace.
[09:00.76]In 1859.
[09:04.50]the sight of the French and Italian wounded due to a battle in northern Italy
[09:10.92]made a Swiss feel uneasy
[09:14.76]His name was Jean Henri Dunant.
[09:19.12]He set out to rally the local townsfolk to care for them.
[09:24.38]He published a book
[09:27.61]urging that voluntary societies should be formed to do these jobs.
[09:33.47]As a result,the governments of several countries
[09:38.32]took part in an international conference at Geneva in 1864.
[09:45.06]and drew up a treaty called The Geneva Convention.
[09:49.71]The principle of this Convention was that in war the sick and wounded,
[09:56.95]whatever their nationality,
[10:00.71]should be protected and cared for;
[10:04.66]and that the people looking after them,
[10:08.52]the transport conveying them,
[10:12.75]military hospitals and medical equipment should be safe from attack.
[10:19.28]Then a clearly marked red cross and white ground became the symbol of this.
[10:26.05]Certain countries used other forms.
[10:30.39]For example,in Persia a Red Lion and Sun is used instead of the Red Cross.
[10:35.82]By now nearly every nation
[10:40.47]has its own Red Cross Society with similar aims and objects
[10:46.53]Since 1864 the original Convention has been revised several times,
[10:53.87]and the last revision was in 1949.
[10:59.51]Its principles now apply to shipwrecked persons and prisoners-of-war
[11:05.65]and include certain measures for the protection of civilians in wartime
[11:12.31]The International Red Cross Committee of twenty-five members,
[11:17.77]with permanent offices in Geneva,
[11:22.03]is the neutral which is particularly active in time of war
[11:27.36]The Committee was the chief means of the Red Cross.
[11:32.69]Through this means
[11:36.74]regular supplies of parcels containing food and other necessities
[11:42.88]were sent to prisoners-of-war;
[11:46.93]and through this means postal messages
[11:51.39]came bringing news of civilians
[11:55.13]as well as prisoners-of-war to their family members and
[12:00.69]In 1919.the League of Red Cross Societies
[12:06.33]was founded to develop and encourage the work of
[12:10.98]the national societies in peace-time,
[12:15.24]and to co-ordinate their work for refugees
[12:19.71]and their relief activities for the victims of hurricanes or typhoons,
[12:25.85]floods,earthquakes,and other natural disasters.
[12:31.41]In many countries,
[12:34.55]Red Cross are now also responsible for work such as the blood-supply program.
[12:42.10]The British Red Cross Society was first active in 1870.
[12:48.13]Its Voluntary Detachments of men trained in first aid and women in first aid
[12:55.08]and nursing became well known in both the First and the Second World Wars.
[13:01.53]They staffed and administered hospitals and ambulances,
[13:06.89]transported the wounded in every theatre of war
[13:11.64]They also helped to trace wounded and missing men,
[13:16.39]During the Second World War
[13:19.84]they undertook these and many additional duties.
[13:24.60]The Red Cross voluntary Aid Detachments
[13:29.06]shared the work of civil defence
[13:33.11]in caring for civilian casualties of enemy action.
[13:38.26]in peace.much of the Society's welfare work is done by Red Cross members
[13:44.82]who are not trained as Voluntary Aid Attachments.
[13:49.47]The British Red Cross has overseas branches in the Crown colonies
[13:55.71]and dependencies where health teaching and maternity
[14:00.75]and child welfare are important aspects of the work.
[14:06.11]The first Junior Red Cross sections were formed in 1917,
[14:11.96]and by now many millions of boys and girls throughout the world
[14:17.99]are members of the organization.
[14:22.04]In Britain,after suitable training,
[14:26.27]they undertake service which is similar to adult members
[14:31.21]in caring for the sick and suffering.
[14:35.26]The U.S.Red Cross was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton.
[14:41.50]Miss Barton was called the Angel of the Battlefield.
[14:46.54]She set up a supply service dunng the U.S.Civil War
[14:51.79]and was nurse in army camps and on battlefields.
[14:56.55]She also led searches for themissing.
[15:00.99]After the founding of Red Cross in the U.S.
[15:05.35]she was its head until 1904.
[15:09.61]Now you are going to hear the talk a second time.
[15:14.15]You now have 100 seconds to check your answers to Questions 21--30. |