1. 表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

　　例：Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

　　Is it yours?(代词)

　　The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

　　The speech is exciting.(分词)

　　Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

　　His job is to teach English.(不定式)

　　His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

　　The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

　　Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

　　The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

　　2. 宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

　　例：

　　His father named him Dongming.(名词)

　　They painted their boat white.(形容词)

　　Let the fresh air in.(副词)

　　You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

　　We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

　　We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

　　We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

　　3. 英语五种基本句型列式如下：

　　基本句型一：SV(主+谓)

　　基本句型二：SVP(主+系+表)

　　基本句型三：SVO(主+谓+宾)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　基本句型四：SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

　　Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.

　　基本句型五：SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

　　He painted the wall white.