英语语法:使用比较等级的五点注意(在线收听

   1. 使用比较等级的基本原则。不作比较用原级,两者比较用比较级,多者比较用最高级:

  Who runs faster, you or Tom? 你和汤姆谁跑得快一点?
  He eats more quickly than I do. 他比我吃得快。
  He sings the best in the class. 他是这个班唱得最好的。
  比较以下句子:
  He walks very fast. 他走路很快。(尽管“很快”,但没有比较,故用原级)
  He walks very slow, but still faster than you. 尽管他走得很慢,但比你快。
  Though they walk very slow, Jim walks the fastest of all of them. 虽然他们都走得很慢,但吉姆是他们当中走得最快的。
  2. 不能使用双重比较等级。即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er,又在其前加more;构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能说more better, most earliest 等:
  误:He speaks English more better than you.
  正:He speaks English much better than you. 他说英语比你说得好多了。
  误:He gets up more earlier than me. (from www.zkenglish.com)
  正:He gets up much earlier than I do. 他起床比我早得多。
  但是,“比较级+and+比较级”这样的结构却是经常可用的表达:
  He played it better and better. 他弹得越来越好。
  It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越来越大。
  3. 使用比较等级要合乎逻辑。请看两组正误句:
  His watch goes faster than ______.
  A. me
  B. I
  C. my
  D. mine
  答案应选D,而不是A或B,本句的意思是在比较两个人的表,一个走得快一个走得慢。从逻辑上说,应该是两个人的表进行比较,即将his watch与mine (=my watch)进行比较,而不能将his watch与me或I进行比较。
  4. 副词最高级前是否用the。一般说来,副词最高级前的the可以用也可以省略:
  Who did it best? 谁做得最好?
  They work (the) hardest. 他们工作最努力。
  He swam the farthest? 他游得最远(from www.zkenglish.com)。
  【注】当要对同一个人或事物在不同情况下进行对比时,副词最高级前也不能加the:
  He sings best when he is with his girlfriend. 他与他的女朋友在一起时唱得最好。
  She works hardest when she’s doing something for her family. 她为自己家干活时最卖力。
  比较:Of all the workers, he works (the) hardest. 在所有工人中,他干活最卖力。
  5. as…as 结构。该结构的基本意思是“与…一样”,其中接副词原级,不能接比较级或最高级:
  He comes to school as early as me. 他与我来校一样早。
  He swims as fast as the others. 他游泳与其他人一样快。
  【注】在否定句中,第一个 as 也可换成 so:
  He doesn’t study as [so] hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。
  有时该结构根据情况可受 (not) nearly, almost, just, not quite, half, twice, three times等词语的修饰,但是注意这些修饰语必须置于第一个as之前,而不能置于其后:
  正:I don’t speak half as well as you. 我讲得不如你一半好。
  误:I don’t speak as half well as you. / I don’t speak as well half as you.
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