托福语法讲解:形容词的比较级(在线收听) |
英文中形容词在进行比较时需变为比较级,主要有两种形式: 在词尾加-er (单音节形容词),如:fast-faster, large-larger, busy-busier, big-bigger等;
或在词前加more (多音节形容词),如:more useful, more complex等
少数词比较级形式特殊,如:good(well)-better, bad(ill)-worse, many(much)-more, little-less, far-farther(更远的)/further(更进一步的),
考点一 含有标志词than
1.最常见的比较级句式是由连词than引导比较的对象,
如:It takes less time to go there by air than by train.
She possesses more books than I do.
He is more intelligent than I expected.
than可视为比较级的标志词,在填空题中,
空后含有than的, 通常空格处需要填比较级,
空格前含有比较级的,通常空格处需要填than引导的从句。
例题:
Maine has ---- weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.
(A) coolest
(B) the coolest
(C) cooler
(D) the cooler
答案:A
解释:标志词than意味着应用比较级,A, B可先排除;D多the; 只有A正确
2.为避免重复,than之后的从句中有些成分可以省略,只把相比的部分突出出来:
情况1: 用指示代词that, those来代替省略的部分,
如:The population of China is much larger than that of Great Britain.
(that 指代the population)
His designs won more acclaim than those of his fellow colleagues.
(those 指代 designs)
情况2: 在省略的过程中,若than之后从句的谓语部分相同, 比较的是主语部分, 那么谓语部分通常用助动词do来代替, 并且习惯上将从句主语和助动词倒装 (do + 主语)
如:The actors usually capture greater attention than do the playwrights who may
probably contribute more to the success of a play.
例题:
Mammals have a larger, more well-developed brain ---- other animals.
(A) than do
(B) that are having
(C) which have
(D) that do
答案:A
解释:空格前出现了形容词比较级,空格后是比较对象,应由than连接,选项中只有A符合条件,其中由助动词do引起了一个小倒装
考点二 (not) so /as…as
比较级特殊句式(not)so/as…as 表示“如同……一样、不如……”等意思,其结构和than句式相仿,但as…as之间的形容词必须用原形,而且as…as必须搭配使用,
如:It is as good as it looks.
The boss is not so bad-tempered as you have described.
填空题中常给出句子的一部分(第一个as),要求填出相搭配的部分(第二个as),一定要形成对这种搭配句式的敏感。
例题:
(1)
The best way to control rats is by seeing that they have as ----.
(A) possibly little nourishment
(B) nourishment possibly little
(C) little as possible nourishment
(D) little nourishment as possible
答案:D
解释:空格处需要动词have的宾语,同时包含as…as句式,A、B都缺少与as搭配的结构,C语序有误,均可排除。D中as…as possible, 为固定用法, 意为“尽可能”.
(2)
There is evidence that prehistoric humans used fire ---- 400,000 B.C.
(A) so early
(B) the earliest
(C) as early as
(D) so early that
答案:C
解释:依句意空格处需要“早在”这一意思的正确表达,只有C符合题意,用的是比较级特殊句式as...as
考点三 the same…as
此句式也常用来表示“和……一样”,the same和as既可连用,也可分开使用,
如:She looks just the same as before.
I got the same feeling as you did.
改错题中常将此句式误用为the same…like /than, 要练就一双火眼金睛将其识别出来
考点四 the more…,the more…
此句式常表示“越……越……”,more在此处泛指比较级,此句式的特点是前后两句以逗号隔开,句子结构平行,而且谓语动词一致时,为避免重复常进行省略,
如:The more she slept, the less comfortable she felt.
The greater the size, the easier it is for you to spot.
填空题中常需填入两个分句之一,因此看到the more结构,要注意选与其结构相近的另一半the more句式
例题:
(1)
The greater the population there is in a locality, ----for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(A) the greater the need there is
(B) greater need
(C) is there great need
(D) the great need
答案:A
解释:这是典型的 “the more…,
the more…” 句式, 意为 “越…, 越…” 其逗号前后两部分结构要平行, 而且后一句可以不倒装, A 完全符合要求. C D 都缺少此固定句式所要求的第二个比较级; B 少定冠词the. 此句亦可改写为: If there is greater population in a locality, there will be greater need for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
(2)
The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---- to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater
(B) greater is the stress
(C) greater stress is
(D) the greater the stress
答案:D
解释:此句涉及比较级的特殊句式the more..., the more..., 此句式要求前后结构平行,当谓语一致时,后面的可省略,符合要求的只有D
考点五 no longer /not…any longer
no longer /not…any longer和no more/not…any more都表示“不再……”,
如:He no longer smokes. / He doesn't smoke any longer.
注意no longer /not…any longer不要混用,no more /not…any more同理,这一句式在改错题中出现。 |
原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/listen/vocabulary/196417.html |