=〉因为：owing to;  in respect that;  on account of;  due to;  for the reason that;  since;  for;  may account for;

　　=〉由……导致：as a consequence / result of;  is the result of;  derive from;  result from;  be a response to;

　　因果（后接结果）：

　　=〉导致：result in;  be responsible for;  attributable to/ attribute to;  contribute to~; lead to;  cause;  give birth to;  give rise to;  serve to;

　　=〉故此：hence;  therefore;  thereby+现在分词； thus;  as a result;  so that;

　　eventually;  correspondingly;  accordingly;  consequently;  resultingly;  namely;

　　=〉为了：so as to;  for the purpose of;  for the sake of;  in an attempt to;  in efforts to;

　　弱因果（考虑到）：

　　=>for fear of;  bearing in mind;  be blamed on;

　　=>considering;  in consideration of;  knowing;

　　=>in face of (such limited evidence);  in light of;  in view of;  in favor of;  concern with;  in terms of;

　　=>object to;

　　关于：

　　in relation to;   with respect to;  with regard to; with/in reference to;

　　within the context of;

　　with the guise of（在伪装下）;

　　常用点缀小副词：

　　=〉事实上：in itself;  actually;  in fact;  in reality;  realistically；as a matter of fact;  more prosaically;

　　=〉程度：highly;  greatly;  inescapably; to some extent;  somewhat; thoroughly;  seriously;  spectacularly; indeed;  undoubtedly;  certainly;  completely;  wholly;  in many cases;  it is save to say;

　　=〉其它：comparatively;  relatively;  relevantly;  as to;  ideally;  presumably;

　　转折：

　　nonetheless;  nevertheless;  in spite of;  whereas;  instead;  conversely;  however;

　　对比：

　　in contrast;  as compared to;  in comparison with;  at the same time;

　　differentiate between ~ and ~; differentiate ~ from ~;

　　让步：

　　take it for granted; grantedly; granted that ;

　　Now that; as though;  after all;  even if;  even assuming;  despite;  to the extent that this is the case;  appear;  seem;  while this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that~;

　　递进：

　　furthermore;  in addition/additionally;  besides;  moreover;  what really matters/counts is;  what is more;  let alone;  particularly;  most importantly;  _is even more_;

　　等同：

　　equate ~with~;  amount to;  likewise;  in like manner;  similarly;  in other words;  that is to say;   along with;  in combination;  in the same way;

　　Coincide with;

　　其它常用词汇：

　　举例：

　　for instance;  for example;  such as;  consider the fact that;

　　立即：

　　immediately;  for the time being;   in no time;   on the spot;

　　鉴于此：

　　for that matter;  in that case;  for that reason;  as for;

　　可能不是这样：

　　(unfortunately)

　　=>this is not necessarily the case;

　　this is often/certainly not the case;

　　this might not be the case;

　　this need not be the case;

　　common sense and experience tell us this is not the case/this assumption is a poor one;

　　=>the argument fails to substantiate this assumption;

　　perhaps ~that have nothing to do with~;

　　this argument by analogy is wholly unpersuasive;

　　this argument, nonetheless, is based on an oversimplified analysis of the cause of~ and the presumptuous correlation is unacceptable;

　　=>although this is entirely possible, the argument provides no evidence to support this assumption;

　　if this is not the case, then it is entirely possible that~;

　　lacking evidence to confirm this assumption, it is entirely possible that ~;

　　应该：

　　would have to;  should;  ought to;  must;   have to;  be required to;   would be;

　　根据总体的趋势：

　　overall group of~;  in general;  as a whole;  on the whole;

　　断言：

　　assert;  claim;  postulate;  declare;  affirm;  emphasize;  advocate;

　　反映：

　　indicate;  reveal;  reflect;  demonstrate;  imply;  illustrate;  infer;  predict;

　　可能性：

　　possibility;  likelihood (in all likelihood);  alternative/alternative means of ~;  explanation; occurence;  validity;  legitimacy;  credibility;

　　可行性：

　　feasibility;

　　好：

　　vital;   crucial;   essential;  overriding;   significant;   profound;   play a key role;   potency;

　　逻辑好：

　　=〉valid;    feasible;

　　=〉sound;   forceful;  reliable;  convincing;  effective;

　　=〉persuasive;  compelling;  credible;

　　好（副词）：

　　necessarily;  justifiably;  confidently;  reasonably;

　　逻辑不好：

　　=〉unwarranted;  unsubstantiated;  unreliable;  unjustified;  unfounded;

　　without justification/warrant;  premature;  poor;  vulnerable;  indefensible;  groundless;  reachless

　　=〉dubious;  open to doubt;  questionable;  suspectable;  problematic;  which render it unconvincing as it stands/which render it wholly unpersuasive;

　　=〉insufficiently;  atypical /exceptional;  oversimplified;

　　=〉fallacious;  flawed;

　　=〉plausible;  gratuitous;

　　不好（副词）：

　　unfairly;  “好”的副词前面加一个can not/could not

　　面临：

　　confront;  encounter;  witness;

　　限制：

　　Restrict; circumscribe; confine; limit;

　　表面上：

　　on the surface;  superficially;  ostensibly;  apparently;

　　具体的：

　　concrete;  specific;  detailed;  particular;  definite;  informative;

　　加快促进：

　　accelerate;  facilitate;  advance; boost;

　　支持：

　　substantiate;  bolster;  justify;  solidify;  support;   strengthen;  validate;  in favor of;  in support of;

　　否定：

　　=>fail;

　　=>miss;  neglect;  in ignorance of;  is hardly suffice to / do not suffice to;  suggest nothing about;

　　=> refute;   undermine;  deny;  refuse;  weaken;

　　按照原文的假设/推断：

　　rest on; rely on; depend on; base on; on the basis of;

　　upon which the argument depends;

　　upon which the argument rest;

　　upon which the argument relies;

　　只要：

　　so long as ;  so far as;  only if;  insofar; subject to the proviso;

　　不管：

　　no matter what; irrespective of whether/~; regardless of; whatsoever;

　　（忽略了）把某因素考虑进去：

　　(fail to; omit to);  take ~ into account/ consideration;  give an insight into;  account for（解释）;

　　considering and weighing;  considering and ruling out/eliminate;

　　weighing ~ against alternatives/~;

　　concerning;

　　缺少：in the absence of; for lack of; lacking; a lack of; in short of;

　　不足：scant;

　　仅仅：mere; only; nothing more than;

　　足够的：sufficient;

　　很多大量：a myriad of; a variety of; a multitude of; numerous; a large amount of; a great deal of;

　　过度：undue; exceedingly; excessive; overstate; overemphasize;

　　不断增长：growing; increasing; quickening;

　　伴随：

　　along with;  keep pace with;  consistent with;  in harmony with;  cope with;   in accordance with;   in conjunction with;

　　serve as catalyst which will foster~;

　　逻辑：

　　reasoning; way of thinking;  line of reasoning;  analysis;

　　倾向：be less prone to;

　　在成长路上：in one’s course of growth;

　　富人：haves 穷人：have-not

　　提建议时说作者需要：a more complete understanding of_;

　　天生的：by nature;  inherited; inherent; intrinsic; in origin; innate;

　　供需关系：supply and demand;

　　方面：

　　angles;  aspect;  facet;  side;  viewpoint;

　　in all respects;  in many fields;

　　highlight an aspect of;

　　in all likelihood;

　　获得：

　　acquire;  gain;  attain;  achieve;  pursue;

　　影响；

　　interfere with~;

　　have/exert a profound influence on life/personality;

　　have a dramatic/undesirable effect on;

　　满足：

　　meet;  satisfy;  accommodate the demand of;  be accustomed to;

　　很明显的：

　　it is conceivable/ obvious/ apparent;

　　conspicuous;  strikingly;  notably;

　　类比： apply specifically/equally to;

　　同等甚至更多：commensurably,  or perhaps even more;

　　一系列:

　　a series of;  in a row;

　　好像、可能：

　　likely;  possible;  probably;  perhaps;  as though;  maybe;  may;  might;

　　解决方案：

　　solution;  approach;  recipe;  scheme