10/125/148/119

　　Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.

　　(有些人认为)国家应该通过法令保护任何存留的原生态地区保持原状，(有些人认为)即便这些地区可以用作商业开发。

　　119 When old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings.

　　当现代规划者认为历史建筑物所在地可以用作现代开发时，相比历史建筑的保护，现代开发应该放在首位。

　　28 / 113 / 120 / 121 / 127 / 145/94/147

　　The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.

　　一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

　　120 Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation must be the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.

　　Reason: Great achievements by a nation's rulers, artists, or scientists will ensure a good life for the majority of that nation's people.

　　结论：一个国家的伟大体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

　　原因：统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就保证了大部分国民的生活安乐。

　　94/147 The effectiveness of a country's leaders is best measured by examining the well-being of that country's citizens.

　　国家领导工作效能最好通过国民的安乐来评判。

　　36 / 72

　　Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.

　　政府不应该资助任何后果不明的科学研究。

　　23Governments should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development.

　　政府应该尽量不去限制科学研究和发展。

　　50 / 86 / 115/114/16

　　Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

　　政府官员应该依靠自己的判断做决定，而不是不假思索地遵从大众的意愿。

　　114 Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.

　　若是短期地、轻易地被民众的意见所左右，任何领导必定一事无成。

　　16 Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.

　　有些人认为，为了保证效力，政治领袖一定要屈从民众意见，为妥协而放弃原则。也有人认为，有效力的领导者一定具备持续坚定自己原则和目标的能力。

　　74 / 133 / 134

　　Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.

　　了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。

　　133 Claim: Knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today.

　　Reason: The world today is significantly more complex than it was even in the relatively recent past.

　　结论：了解过去不能帮助人们在现在做重要的决定。

　　原因：相比刚刚发生的过去，今天的世界已经变得更加复杂。

　　80 / 88

　　Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.

　　当有公民为饥饿和失业所困时，政府需要中止对艺术的资助。

　　88 Claim: Nations should suspend government funding for the arts when significant numbers of their citizens are hungry or unemployed.

　　Reason: It is inappropriate—and, perhaps, even cruel—to use public resources to fund the arts when people's basic needs are not being met.

　　结论：当有公民为饥饿和失业所困时，政府需要中止对艺术的资助。

　　原因：当人们的基本需求得不到保障时，使用公共资源扶持艺术是不合适的，甚至是残忍的。

　　104 / 107/62

　　To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.

　　想成为一名有效力的领导者，政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。

　　62 Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

　　领导者主要是由身负的责任所造就的。

　　128/123

　　Some people argue that successful leaders in government, industry, or other fields must be highly competitive. Other people claim that in order to be successful, a leader must be willing and able to cooperate with others.

　　有些人认为，政府、工业或其他领域的成功领导者一定是具有极强的竞争精神的。也有人认为，为了成功，领导者必须情愿并且有能力和他人合作。

　　123 The best way for a society to prepare its young people for leadership in government, industry, or other fields is by instilling in them a sense of cooperation, not competition.

　　社会培养年轻一代胜任政府、工业等领域的领导职位，最佳途径是灌输合作精神，而不是竞争精神。

　　4 Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.

　　丑闻是有裨益的，因为它们让人们注意到一些问题，任何演说家和改革家都无法做到的。

　　19 Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.

　　政府应该把更多的精力放在解决当务之急上，而不是试图解决未来预期问题上。

　　57 The main benefit of the study of history is to dispel the illusion that people living now are significantly different from people who lived in earlier times.

　　研究历史的最大益处在于打破这样的幻想：现代人和历史上的人有很大不同。

　　60 Politicians should pursue common ground and reasonable consensus rather than elusive ideals.

　　政治家应该寻求共同点和理性的一致，而不是深奥的理想。

　　69 Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.

　　有些人认为政治领导向大众隐瞒信息是有必要的，甚至是有益的。也有人认为公众有知情权利。

　　111/149

　　In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.

　　如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。

　　139 Claim: Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts.

　　Reason: Politicians and other government experts are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.

　　结论：主要的政策问题应该交给政治家和其他政府专家决策。

　　原因：政治家和其他政府专家比普通百姓见多识广，而且有更好的判断力和洞察力。