赖世雄英语语法 43(在线收听) |
——赖世雄语法43 我们接着做练习3,他光着脚走进屋子里。(是同时发生) 主要的行为是“走进屋子里”,而“光着脚”次要行为,∴要先翻译“走进屋子里”。主要的行为和次要行为都是He发出的,暂时只把次要行为写出,别计较整个句子的对错: He walked into the room was barefooted. × ∵主要的行为和次要行为之间没有<连接词>,就把was变成“(being)”: ------------------------------(being)barefooted. √ 关于barefooted有一个重要概念: bare是“赤裸裸的”,foot是“脚”。它把表示身体的这种部位之<名词>作<形容词>用时,有一个特征:加上ed而像<过去分词>的样子。也就是说:用[<形容词>+身体的这种部位之<名词>+ed],构成一种特殊的<过去分词>。类似地例子: 那个大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀! That bigeyeed girl is my sister. 那个三个脑袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother. 那个伤心的男孩子离开了! That broken-hearted man left. 练习4,他挥手向他道别。(是同时发生) 主要的行为是“向他道别”,而“挥手”次要行为,先译“向他道别”,再译“挥手”,之间暂用and连接:He said goodby to her and waved his hand. 去掉<连接词>and、把<动词> waved改成waving: ---------------------------waving his hand. 练习5,他站在角落里唱着一首歌。/ 练习6,他靠在墙上看着天空。 He stood in the corners singing a song. √ He leaned against the wall looking up into the sky. √ 注意:要用into不能用at。into表“能看透的”,因天空是空的,一直往里看;而at prep. 在 向 对——表“看不透的”。照镜子:look into the mirror 第九个要点:用<分词结构>简化<副词从句> 用when当 / while当 / i f如果 / unless除非 / though虽然/ once一旦,这样的<连接副词>连接引导的<副词从句>,如果<主语>和<主句>相同,也可以化简为<分词结构>。其方法跟没有<连接词>的两个<单句>的化简是相同的: [将相同的<主语>去掉/之后的<动词>变<现在分词>/如果是<be动词>变成<being>,<being>也可省略掉;——didn’t→no!]。 1,——如果if句的化简: a,我要有空,就和你一块去。 If I’m free I’ll go with you. √ If(being)free -------------. √ 注意:If下通常只适于<be动词>。例如: 我要有钱,会买辆车子。 If I’have money I’ll buy a car. √ If having money I’ll buy a car. × b,要是受到适当地鼓励,他会做这件事。 He’ll do it if he is properly encouraged. -------------if(being)properly encouraged. 2,——当when句的化简: 在那个日子里,他不知道紧急状况下怎样应急处理(运作)时,就请教父亲。 On those days when he didn’t know how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √ On those days when no knowing how to process in a emergency he’ll consult his father. √ didn’t→no 3,——除非unless句的化简: 除非你另获指示,否则必须按我说的去做。 Unless you’re otherwise instructed you should do it as I say.√ ------(being)----------------------------------------------.√ Unless的化简跟If一样,其下通常只适于<be动词>。例如: 除非我有钱,否则什么都不买。 Unless I’have money I won’t buy anything. √ Unless having money I won’t buy anything. × 4,——当while句的化简: while I was here I had good time. √ -----(being)here -------------.√ while I stayed here I had good time.√ ------- staying here -------------------.√ 5,——虽然though句的化简: 他虽然受伤的很重,一点也没感到畏惧。 ——at all通常放在句尾 Though he was seriously injured he was at all daunt(ed). √ --------(being)------------------------------------------.√ 6,——once一旦句的化简: once的化简跟If /Unless一样,其下通常只适于<be动词>。 一旦我有空,我就让你知道。 Once I’m a available I let you know. √ ----(being)-----------------------.√ 注意,available除了①,空闲的,还有②,现货可以得到的 可供应的 ①,明天我下午有空。 I'll be available in the afternoon tomorrow. √ =I'll be free in the afternoon tomorrow. √ 脱离职位不需要上班。 ~I'll be off (duty) in the afternoon tomorrow. √ ②,这种书你这儿有卖吗?Do you have this book available? 你这种表有卖吗? -------------- a kind of watch available? 第十—— 再说:用[<形容词>+身体的这种部位之<名词>+ed],构成一种特殊的<过去分词>: 1, 他光着脚走进屋子里。He walked into the room(being)barefooted. 2, 那个大眼睛的女孩子是我妹妹呀!That bigeyeed girl is my sister. 3, 那个三个脑袋的男孩子是我弟弟呀!That three-headed man is my brother. 4, 那个伤心的男孩子离开了!That broken-hearted man left. 5, 你有没有看见那边那个红头发女孩?Do you see the redhaired girl there. 6, 独腿的军人是个英雄。The onelegged soldier was hero. 7, 双头蛇two-headed snak 8, 黑皮肤的家伙blackskined guy 有些<现在分词>,可当<介系词>或<介词>。要特别记住常用的几个 1, 包括including/不包括 除了…之外excluding 2, 有鉴于 考虑 就……而论considering 3, 有关touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning] 1,“包括including /不包括 除了…之外excluding”的例句: 大家都喜欢这部电影,不过约翰他不喜欢。 Every one like the movie excluding John. √<介词> Every one like the movie John exclude. ×<介词>→<动词>。但无<连词> Every one like the movie John excluding. √<动词>→<现在分词>。 Every one like the movie John including. √<动词>→<现在分词>。 Every one like the movie exclusive of John.√<形容词短语>。 Every one like the movie inclusive of John.√<形容词短语>。 2,“有鉴于 考虑 就……而论considering”的例句: 鉴于他的表现,他可以成为个很好的老师。 Considering his performance he can make a goo teacher √ ① His performance is considered he can make a goo teacher. × ② ------------------(being)considered he can make a goo teacher. √ ③ ①,使用了<介词短语> “Considering his performance”来组句。√。 ②,<介词>Considering→<动词>is considered来组句,无<连词>, ×。 ③,用正确化简法化简:保留了<主语>His performance /<be动词>→<现在分词>(being), 3,“有关touching[=regarding=about或=on=concerning]”的例句: 他写了一篇有关“环境污染”的文章。 He wrote a article touching a environment pollution. 重点单词 关闭全部解释 pollution[p?'lu:??n] n. 污染,污染物 exclude[iks'klu:d] vt. 除外,排除,拒绝 联想记忆 performance[p?'f?:m?ns] n. 表演,表现; 履行,实行 n. 性能,本 联想记忆 available[?'veil?bl] adj. 可用的,可得到的,有用的,有效的 联想记忆 exclusive[iks'klu:siv] adj. 独占的,唯一的,排外的 n. 独家新 联想记忆 daunt[d?:nt] v. 使 ... 胆怯,恐吓 联想记忆 environment[in'vai?r?nm?nt] n. 环境,外界 consult[k?n's?lt] v. 商讨,向 ... 请教,查阅 |
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