有声读物《孙子兵法》第17期:第三章 谋攻(4)(在线收听) |
作战篇 NO.4: 夫将者,国之辅也。
辅周则国必强,辅隙则国必弱。
故君之所以患于军者三:不知军之不可以进而谓之进,不知军之不可以退而谓之退,是谓縻军;不知三军之事而同三军之政,则军士惑矣;不知三军之权而同三军之任,则军士疑矣。
三军既惑且疑,则诸侯之难至矣。
是谓乱军引胜。
这句啥意思:
将帅,国家之辅助也。
辅助之谋缜密周详,则国家必然强大,辅助之谋疏漏失当,则国家必然衰弱。
所以,国君对军队的危害有三种:不知道军队不可以前进而下令前进,不知道军队不可以后退而下令后退,这叫做束缚军队;不知道军队的战守之事、内部事务而同理三军之政,将士们会无所适从;不知道军队战略战术的权宜变化,却干预军队的指挥,将士就会疑虑。
军队既无所适从,又疑虑重重,诸侯就会趁机兴兵作难。
这就是自乱其军,坐失胜机。
英文这么说:
Now the general is the bulwark of the State.
If the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey.This is called hobbling the army.
attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds. By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances.This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
But when the army is restless and distrustful,trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes.
This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.
《孙子如是说》
孙子认为,在战争指导上,重要的是知道敌我情况,否则就会产生极其危险的结果。孙子指出危害军队的三个“不知”:”不知军之不可以进而谓之进,不知军之不可以退而谓之退,是谓縻军;不知三军之事而同三军之政者,则军士惑矣;不知三军之权而同三军之任,则军士疑矣。”这三条都是君主对军队的瞎指挥。并且指出了这种瞎指挥的危害是,使军队既迷惑又疑虑,各诸侯国乘隙进攻的灾难就临头了,这就是扰乱自己的军队而导致敌人的胜利。反之,不搞瞎指挥,而是按照军事斗争的特点对将帅进行正确领导的,就是孙子所主张的明君。君与将的关系,孙子并不认为是对立的,相互排斥的,而是认为二者的关系如问辅车相依——国君如同车轮,将帅如问车轮上的支柱——缺一下可。 |
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