有声读物《孙子兵法》第41期:第七章 军争(3)(在线收听) |
军争篇 NO.3: 故不知诸侯之谋者,不能豫交;
不知山林、险阻、沮泽之形者,不能行军;
不用乡导者,不能得地利。
故兵以诈立,以利动,以分和为变者也。
故其疾如风,其徐如林,侵掠如火,不动如山,难知如阴,动如雷震。
掠乡分众,廓地分利,悬权而动。
先知迂直之计者胜,此军争之法也。
这句啥意思:
所以不了解诸侯各国的图谋,就不要和他们结成联盟;
不知道山林、险阻和沼泽的地形分布,不能行军;
不使用向导,就不能掌握和利用有利的地形。
所以,用兵是凭借施诡诈出奇兵而获胜的,根据是否有利于获胜决定行动,根据双方情势或分兵或集中为主要变化。
按照战场形势的需要,部队行动迅速时,如狂风飞旋;行进从容时,如森林徐徐展开;攻城掠地时,如烈火迅猛;驻守防御时,如大山岿然;军情隐蔽时,如乌云蔽日;大军出动时,如雷霆万钧。
夺取敌方的财物,掳掠百姓,应分兵行动。开拓疆土,分夺利益,应该分兵扼守要害。这些都应该权衡利弊,根据实际情况,相机行事。
率先知道“迂直之计”的将获胜,这就是军争的原则。
英文这么说:
We cannot enter into alliances until we are acquainted with the designs of our neighbors.
We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the country—its mountains and forests, its pitfalls and precipices,its marshes and swamps.
We shall be unable to turn natural advantage to account unless we make use of local guides.
In war, practice dissimulation, and you will succeed. Whether to concentrate or to divide your troops,must be decided by circumstances.
Let your rapidity be that of the wind,your compactness that of the forest. In raiding and plundering be like fire,is immovability like a mountain. Let your plans be dark and impenetrable as night,and when you move, fall like a thunderbolt.
When you plunder a countryside, let the spoil be divided amongst your men; when you capture new territory,cut it up into allotments for the benefit of the soldiery. Ponder and deliberate before you make a move.
He will conquer who has learnt the artifice of deviation. Such is the art of maneuvering.
白话分析
军争是指在军事行动中争取战场的主动,里面提到了迂直,其实就是指要延缓对方行动,加快自己的部署,率先进入战场有利位置。而其中行军就是很重要的一点。前面四句就是所谓“风林火山”,说的是“行军和攻守转换”。军队快的时候要如风一般,队伍要整齐。攻势的时候要像烈火一样猛烈,防守时应当像山一样巍然不动。这里体现出的是一种治军的严谨和将帅决策的果断。“掠乡分众,廓地分利,悬权而动”,后面三句讲的是攻城要分兵而进,防守要看准要害部属防守兵力。行军中只有权衡好利害关系才能在战争中取等先机! |
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