有声读物《孙子兵法》第75期:第十三章 用间(3)(在线收听

   用间篇 NO.3:

  故用间有五:有因间,有内间,有反间,有死间,有生间。
  五间俱起,莫知其道,是谓神纪,人君之宝也。
  乡间者,因其乡人而用之;
  内间者,因其官人而用之;
  反间者,因其敌间而用之;
  死间者,为诳事于外,令吾闻知之而传于敌间也;
  生间者,反报也。
  这句啥意思:
  间谍的运用有五种,即乡间、内间、反间、死间、生间。
  五种间谍同时用起来,使敌人无从捉摸我用间的规律,这是使用间谍神妙莫测的方法,也正是国君克敌制胜的法宝。
  所谓乡间,是指利用敌人的同乡做间谍;
  所谓内间,就是利用敌方官吏做间谍;
  所谓反间,就是使敌方间谍为我所用;
  所谓死间,是指制造散布假情报,通过我方间谍将假情报传给敌间,诱使敌人上当,一旦真情败露,我间难免一死;
  所谓生间,就是侦察后能活着回来报告敌情的人。
  英文这么说:
  Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes:(1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies;(4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.
  When these five kinds of spy are all at work,none can discover the secret system. This is called "divine manipulation of the threads."
  It is the sovereign's most precious faculty.
  Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.
  Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.
  Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.
  Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our spies to knowof them and report them to the enemy.
  Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.
  应用案例:
  周瑜巧施离间计
  东汉末年,孙权、刘备结成联盟,共抗曹操,由于曹军不习水战,所以在战争初期,孙刘联军占据上风。曹操因此命令精通水战的荆州降将蔡瑁、张允训练水军,大大提高了曹军的水战能力。蔡张二人也自然而然地成了东吴的心腹大患。东吴大将周瑜决定除掉蔡、张二人。
  恰逢曹操派周瑜故友,蒋干前来刺探军情,足智多谋的周瑜不由计上心来。他一面与蒋干共饮,喝的酩酊大醉,一面将已伪造好的蔡张二人的叛曹操吴的书信放至显眼位置,果然不出周瑜所料,前来刺探军情的蒋干趁周瑜大醉沉睡之际,伺机偷出了书信返回了东吴。
  周瑜的离间计大获成功,恼羞成怒的曹操信以为真,一恕之下,斩杀了蔡瑁、张允。斩杀了蔡瑁、张允,曹军推动了两员精于水战的得力大将。曹军的战斗力大大减弱,为其日后兵败赤壁埋下了祸根。
  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/szbf/308546.html