【英语早间课堂】It is unfair that S (should) do.(之一)(在线收听

【复习】
Last time we learned a sentence pattern which is:It is essential that S should do. 意思是:完全有必要做某事。当主句的表语为形容词essential, necessary等表示“必要的”这类词语时,主语从句中则要使用虚拟语气,即:谓语形式为:should+动词原形。我们还引申出了一个句型是:It is essential to somebody ( something ) that S should do. 以上2个句式中的should都可以省略。
【习题答案及点评】
And some translation exercises were left last time that need you to translate it into English in different ways, which is a bit difficult and I am about let the answers and comments to them out in the open.
【Exercise I】我们将这两组分开是完全有必要的。
【Translation 1】It is essential for us to keep these two groups separate.
【Translation 2】It is essential that we (should) keep these two groups separate.
【Translation 3】It is essential to us that these two groups ( should ) be kept separate.
【喇叭】
1 翻译3中注意省略了should后,谓语则是be。
2 翻译1和翻译2中的状语意思都是“对于我们来说”,都是介词短语作状语,那么在使用主语从句翻译时介词要用to, 而在使用动词不定式翻译时介词要用for.
【点评】
1 短语的使用:keep something separate 使......分开,这个短语中separate 是形容词做keep后面的宾语something的补足语。
2 翻译方式: 第一句是使用动词不定式翻译。第二句和第三句都是使用主语从句进行翻译,不同的是第一句中的的主语从句是主动语态,而第二句中的主语从句是被动语态。
【Exercise II】我们生活中诸如水,电,燃气等设施是必不可少的。
【Translation 1】It is essential for us to be provided with services such as: water , electricity, gas in our life.
【Translation 2】It is essential to our life that we ( should ) be provided with services such as : water , electricity, gas .
【Translation 3】It is essential to us that services such as :water , electricity, gas ( should ) be provided with in our life.
【Translation 4】It is essential to our life that some relevant departments( should ) provide us with services such as : water , electricity, gas .
【点评】
1短语的运用:provide somebody with something这个短语译为:提供某人某物,给某人某物,and so on. relevant departments意思是“相关部门”。
2 翻译方式: 翻译1是使用动词不定式进行翻译。翻译2、3、4都是采用含主语从句的复合句进行翻译,不同的是翻译4是在主语从句中使用了主动语态进行翻译,翻译2和翻译3的翻译方式都是在主语从句中采用被动语态,由于在翻译中采用了provide somebody with something这个动词后有一个宾语以及介词有一个宾语的短语,那么这2个作为宾语的名词在被动语态中都可以作为主语,关键要强调一点的是把介词后的名词作为主语时,那么with要保留,很多人会忽视了这个介词。还要强调一点当在被动语态中省略了should时,注意保持be这个原形。
【今日主题】
And this morning I'd like to talk about a sentence pattern with you which is : It seems unfair that S should do. 想必大家大概知道这个句子的意思了,但是细究起来还是很有价值的。
【主题详解】
下面 let's make a sentence to learn it by using this sentence pattern. It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. 这个句子的中文意思我先买个关子,暂且不说先,好戏在后面。
我们来首先看,这个句子中it 是形式主语,由that 引导的主语从句“that this should happen to me”中使用了虚拟语气,即谓语形式为:should+动词原形。其中should可以省略。
那么seem在这个句子中又扮演着什么角色?它是系动词,由此可见在it is + adj. + that S should do.这个主语从句的句式中的系动词并不是is(was), 它还可以是feel, seem, look, appear, sound 等等这类的系动词。
很显然了,这个句子中主句中的表语是unfair这个词,由此可见在含主语从句的复合句中的主句中的表语也就是形容词是unfair这个词语时,那么后面的主语从句要使用虚拟语气。
下面就是我所说到的“好戏”了。How do you translate this sentence into Chinese exactly? I think someone may be do it like that: 这事儿发生在我身上,这似乎不公平呀。However, it is not exactly right. 这个翻译不完全正确,没有把句子的意境翻译出来,也就是没有把作者的感情表达出来。当主句中的表语是unfair这个词时,后面的主语从句的谓语结构式是should + 动词原形时,这个句子就带有一种感情色彩,表示“一种不可思议”的状况,译为:竟然。因此It seems so unfair that this should happen to me. 更为准确的翻译是:这事儿竟然发生在我身上,似乎很不公平呀。
【例句及剖析】
1 It seems unfair that he be made pay for everything.
竟然让他承担一切费用视乎对他不公平。对于这句话,【剖析】大家会走入2个误区,一个在于be, 主语是第三人称单数she, 而且主句时态是is,一般现在时,那这里怎么用be呢?另一个在于made pay. 怎么2个动词连在一起呢?那么对于第一个问题则是老生常谈的问题了,因为主语从句中省略了should.原句为:that he should be made pay for everything. 那么把should省略,是不是be呢?对于第二个问题则要注意make这个词的用法,可以说是个短语吧,make somebody do something ,那么我们这个短语放入这个句子则是make him pay for everything,这个主语从句用的又是被动语态,把make后面的宾语him提到句首作主语,那么这个句子就变成了:he is made pay for everything.那么这个made和pay就连在一起了。
2 It is really unfair that you not be let have a choice.
竟然不让您有所选择,这太不公平了。
在这句中,be和let have的由来想必大家通过第一个例句的讲解知道其由来了吧, not be let have 中的not这个由来在上期说过了,那么在此就不多说了。
【温故知新】
Well , have you got what I've said this morning. I am sure you are intelligent and have caught it. As usual I'd like to leave you some translation exercises to do to see if you have really got it by yourself.
1 你竟然这样贬低她的工作对她不公平的。
2 他工作如此辛苦,报酬竟然这等的少,听起来太不公平了。
3 在今天强求教师如此照办看来好像不公道呀。
4 Jane Eyer 深深地感到竟然遭到舅母那样的对待是很不公平的。
5 我一辈子竟然要受穷,这实在不公平。
  原文地址:http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/yyzjkt/337542.html